医院灾害应急准备的国内外文献分析

目的系统检索报告／介绍应对国内外重大灾害的医院应急准备相关文献并加以总结与分析，为我国医院建立应对突发事件的应急准备提供参考。方法系统检索MEDLINE（1950～2008．6）、CNKI（1980～2008．6）和相关网站，对符合纳入标准的文献的主要结果进行描述性分析。结果共纳入85篇文献，其研究类型以专家意见和现况调查居多，分别占43．53％和29．41％。应对突发事件的医院应急准备是一个减灾、准备、反应和恢复的动态过程。应急准备可考虑以下内容：短期内成批接纳伤员能力、防灾减灾预案、合作与协调、培训与演习、人力资源、物资设备、实验室能力、伤员分检分类、诊断和治疗、消毒、经费保障、员工安全、后勤保障和心理支持等。医院应急准备可采用调查、清单或专用评估工具进行评价。结论医院应急准备是灾害救援的重要环节，医院应针对不同灾害和本地实情及各类灾害风险作好切实可行的灾害救援应急预案。

Hospital Emergency Preparedness for Disasters: A Systematic Literature Review

Objective To provide reference for hospital emergency preparedness for disasters in China by summarizing the main results from articles involving hospital emergency readiness. Method We systematically searched MEDLINE (1950 to June 2008), CNKI (1980 to June 2008) and some websites. The main results of the eligible articles are described. Results A total of 85 articles were included, of which expert articles and surveys accounted for 44% and 29%, respectively. An emergency hospital plan should address the following 4 phases of disaster management: mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery. The following factors should be considered when developing hospital emergency plans: surge capacity, disaster planning, collaboration, training, drill, personnel, equipment, triage, diagnosis, treatment, decontamination, funding, individual security, logistic, psychological support, etc. Questionnaires, checklists or specific tools could be applied to evaluate such emergency plans. Conclusion Hospital emergency preparedness is essential for effective disaster relief. Hospitals should develop emergency plans for a variety of disasters, based on their local situations.