VALIDITY OF THE PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN TEST FOR PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING: FOLLOWUP STUDY WITH A BANK OF 21,000 SERA IN FINLAND |
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Authors: | MATTI HAKAMA, ULF-H KAN STENMAN, ARPO AROMAA, JARI LEINONEN, TIMO HAKULINEN,PAUL KNEKT |
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Affiliation: | aFrom the Department of Public Health, Helsinki University, Tampere University School of Public Health, Finnish Cancer Registry, University Hospital of Helsinki, The National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland |
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Abstract: | PURPOSE: We investigate the validity of prostate specific antigen (PSA) as a screening test for prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A registry of serum samples drawn from 1968 to 1976 from 21,387 men was linked to the Finnish Cancer Registry. During followup from 1968 to 1991, 104 prostate cancers were identified. A matched case control design with incidence density sampling and nested in the serum sample bank was applied, and PSA was assessed. RESULTS: The estimated sensitivity of the test was 44% and specificity 94% at a cutoff of 4.0 microg./l. in the total material. The sensitivity had improved to 86% in patients diagnosed in 5 years after the sample drawing. The test had a better sensitivity (93%) and specificity (96%) in men younger than 65 years at the time of the sample drawing compared to those older. The sensitivity further improved to 100% with a cutoff of 2.5 microg./l. CONCLUSIONS: PSA is a valid screening test for prostate cancer, which compares favorably with mammography for breast cancer. However, until an effect on mortality has been shown, routine screening cannot be recommended. |
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Keywords: | prostate-specific antigen prostatic neoplasms mass screening |
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