老年人生活活动能力评定及影响因素分析

目的:测评济宁市老年人基本日常生活活动和工具性日常生活活动能力,探讨影响老年人日常生活活动能力的因素。方法:采用多阶段随机抽样方法,应用Katz日常生活活动量表(Katz-ADL)和Lawton工具性日常生活活动量表(Lawton-IADL),对济宁市≥65岁的504位老年人进行问卷调查。结果:济宁市老年人ADL、IADL完全受损的频率男性分别为0.74%和7.78%,女性为0.86%、15.39%,存在性别差异(Wilcoxon W检验,p<0.001)。与ADL和IADL功能保持完好相比,老年人的年龄、生活状况的自我评价对ADL和IADL受损的影响有统计学意义(年龄OR值分别为3.202、3.074,生活状况自评OR值分别为:0.464、0.515)。结论:年龄、性别、对生活状况的自我评价是老年人日常生活活动能力的影响因素。家庭和社会应从健康生命质量的高度关爱老年人,鼓励和帮助老年人从事力所能及的活动和家务劳动,从而保持独立的日常生活活动能力。

Assessment on Ability of Activities of Daily Living and Analysis on Influencing Factors among Old People

Objective:To evaluate the ability about activities of daily living(ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living(IADL) of elderly in jining,and to explore the influencing factors for the ADL and IADL.Methods:Randomized multi-stage sampling was conducted to select subjects.504 elderly aged ≥65 years old were investigated by using Katz ADL scale and Lawton IADL scale.Results:The rate of ADL and IADL function damaged completely of the elders in Jining was 0.74% and 7.78% respectively for male,and 0.86%,15.39% respectively for female,in which gender difference existed(Wilcoxon test,p<0.001).Compared to the elders who maintain intact function of ADL and IADL,The impacting of the age and the self-evaluation of living condition was significant.(The OR of age is 3.202,3.074 respectively,the OR of self-evaluation of living condition is 0.464,0.515 respectively).Conclusions:The age,gender and self-evaluation of living condition were the influencing factors to the ability of activities of daily living of the elders.Family and society should concern and care the elders on health related quality of life,encourage and help the elders to do some housework and activities that they can bear,in this way they could maintain the independent ability of daily life.