Relationship of optimism and suicidal ideation in three groups of patients at varying levels of suicide risk |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;3. Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA;4. Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;5. Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;1. Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España;2. Sección de Radiología Vascular e Intervencionista, Servicio de Radiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España;1. Eating Disorders Program, Douglas University Institute, Canada;2. Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Canada;3. Research Centre, Douglas University Institute, Canada;4. Research Centre, University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Canada;1. Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA;2. Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA;3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;4. Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA;5. Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA;1. Department of Physical Therapy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, 9401 Jeronimo Rd, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;2. Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, CHP-155, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA |
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| Abstract: | Optimism has been associated with reduced suicidal ideation, but there have been few studies in patients at high suicide risk. We analyzed data from three study populations (total N = 319) with elevated risk of suicide: (1) patients with a recent acute cardiovascular event, (2) patients hospitalized for heart disease who had depression or an anxiety disorder, and (3) patients psychiatrically hospitalized for suicidal ideation or following a suicide attempt. For each study we analyzed the association between optimism (measured by the Life–Orientation Test-Revised) and suicidal ideation, and then completed an exploratory random effects meta-analysis of the findings to synthesize this data. The meta-analysis of the three studies showed that higher levels of self-reported optimism were associated with a lower likelihood of suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR] = .89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .85−.95, z = 3.94, p < .001), independent of age, gender, and depressive symptoms. This association held when using the subscales of the Life Orientation Test-Revised scale that measured higher optimism (OR = .84, 95% CI = .76−.92, z = 3.57, p < .001) and lower pessimism (OR = .83, 95% CI = .75−.92], z = 3.61, p < .001). These results also held when suicidal ideation was analyzed as an ordinal variable. Our findings suggest that optimism may be associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation, above and beyond the effects of depressive symptoms, for a wide range of patients with clinical conditions that place them at elevated risk for suicide. |
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| Keywords: | Depression Optimism Risk assessment Suicidal ideation Suicide |
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