阻碍吸毒人群进入美沙酮社区维持治疗的因素

目的了解进入和未进入美沙酮社区维持治疗（MMT）的吸毒人群对MMT选择愿意的差异,探讨阻碍吸毒人群进入MMT的阻碍因素。方法采用自填式问卷的方法,调查收集长沙市某两所自愿戒毒所的吸毒人员和某MMT门诊中的吸毒人员的人口学特征、个人行为特征以及对MMT的认知等信息。结果美沙酮门诊吸毒者的平均年龄高于自愿戒毒所,高中及以上文化程度者多于自愿戒毒所。美沙酮门诊吸毒者戒毒次数中位数为2.00次,显著低于自愿戒毒所吸毒者6.00次。美沙酮门诊吸毒者在进入MMT前了解MMT和知晓MMT申请程序比例高于自愿戒毒所。两组人群都主要是通过朋友介绍这个途径了解MMT的,且提供美沙酮门诊吸毒者得到父母的支持率高于自愿戒毒所组。美沙酮组吸毒者在进入MMT前有64.2%的人认为美沙酮治疗点太远,居首位,其次为担心身份暴露、担心警察抓。而自愿戒毒所吸毒者不愿进入美沙酮维持治疗的原因主要是担心身份暴露、不知道哪里有社区美沙酮门诊、不知道如何申请。结论进入和未进入MMT的吸毒者的人口统计学特征、吸毒行为特征、在对社区美沙酮门诊的了解情况和对MMT的认识、美沙酮门诊数量不足和制度不够合理、社会对吸毒人群的不接纳与歧视等方面上存在差异性。因此,为了减少吸毒者进入MMT的阻碍因素,我们要加强对MMT和MMT申请程序的宣传,完善美沙酮门诊制度,扩大服务网络、建立完善的转诊机制。

Barrier factirs to Methadone Maintenance Treatment for Illcit Drug Users

Objective To findout the barrier factors to access in methadone maintenance treatment（MMT） for the illicit drug users.Methods A self-administrative and anonymous questionnaire was developed and survey was conducted at two voluntary detoxification senters（VCUs） and two MMT clinics（MCUS） in Changsha.Results The mean age of drug users in MCUs is older than the drug in VCUs.The MCUs tend to high-level education.On average,the MCUs had been in formal treatment 4.00 times which were lower than the VCUs.The MCUs reported a well-awareness to MMT.The main information resource to both groups was from rfiends,and 71.4% friends of MCUs have accessed in MMT.Percent of the supporting from their family among the MCUs（64.2%）.They concern about their privacy and police pressure.Otherwise,the major barriers for the VCUs is concerning abiut their privacy.They don＇t know where is the MMT clinic and how to apply for it.Conclusions There are some differences on knowledge and understanding of MMT between the MCUs and the VCUs.Therefore,we should publicize the knowledge of MMT and the working procedure.It is necessary to enlarge the servuce areas,and make our MMT sustem better.