民营石场石工矽肺调查

目的掌握民营石场石工矽肺的发生特点，为矽肺防治工作提供科学依据。方法对某石场进行职业卫生学调查，并对149例接尘石工进行职业健康检查。结果粉尘总尘时间加权平均浓度（TWA）0．10～29．8mg／m，，总尘TwA超标率61．11％，最高超标28．8倍。粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量28．4％。检出石工矽肺18例（壹期12例，贰期6例），检出率12．08％。确诊者平均年龄（38．5±1．6）岁（31～45岁）；接尘工龄（5．0±1．2）年（2．0～7．7年）。发病工种以爆破工（66．67％）居多。患者症状以咳嗽15例（83．33％）、胸闷8例（44．44％），气促7例（38．89％）为主。胸片表现为圆形小阴影“q”占77．78％，“p”影占22．22％。矽肺致残引致劳动能力完全丧失者占33．33％。接尘工人的年龄与检出率之间不存在相关关系（Fs=0．357，P〉0．50）；接尘工人的工龄与检出率之间存在正相关关系（Fs=1．000，P=0．01）。结论石工矽肺发病特征为爆破工发病居多，发病年龄小，发病工龄短，呼吸道症状多，胸片表现主要为圆形小阴影“q”，劳动能力损害较重。应认真做好民营石场石工矽肺预防控告工作．

Investigation on masonry silicosis in a private quarry

Objective To understand the reality of work environment and occurrence of silicosis of workers in a privately-owned quarry, so that the effective measures against the hazards can be taken. Methods The occupational health survey was done in this privately-owned quarry; the dust level at workplaces was measured and health examination of 149 exposed workers was carried out. Results The TWA concentrations of total dust varied from 0.10 - 29.8 mg/m3 in different workplaces with 61.11% non-compliance rate. The highest concentration was 28.8 times as high as national limit value. The free silica content was 28.4% in the dust,and 18 cases of masonry silicosis （12 cases in stage I and 6 cases in stage ]] ） were found, with the detection rate of 12.08%. The mean age of victims was （38.5 ~ 1.58）years old （31 - 45 years old）and the mean of dust exposure was （5.0 ~ 1.2） years （2.0 - 7.7 years）. Most cases （66.67%） engaged in blasting operation. The major symptoms of these cases were cough （83.33%）, chest pain （44.44%） and dyspnea （38.89%）. X-ray examination showed small round shadow like ＂q＂ （77.78%） and ＂p＂（22.22%）. One third of the victims completely lost their work ability. The high occurrence of silicosis was not correlated with the age （r~ = 0.357 1, P = 0.50）,but there was obvious correlation between the work （exposure） time and the occurrence （r~ = 1, P = 0.01 ）. Conclusion The workers engaged in blasting operation were the most serious victims, they had high exposure to dust.The prompt measures should be taken to control such hazards. We should conscientiously do a good job in the prevention and control work.