Hiv-2 molecular epidemiology |
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| Institution: | 1. INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018 Paris, France;2. Université Paris Diderot, IAME, UMR 1137, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75018 Paris, France;3. AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Laboratoire de Virologie, F-75018 Paris, France;4. AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, F-75018 Paris, France;1. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom;2. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece;3. Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;4. Department of Computational Biology, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany;5. Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany;6. Centre de Recherche Public de la Sante, Luxembourg, Luxembourg;7. Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;8. Department of Virology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands;9. National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria;10. University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;11. University of Milan, Milan, Italy;12. Molecular Biology Lab, LMCBM, SPC, HEM, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal;13. University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;14. Lithuanian AIDS Center, Vilnius, Lithuania;15. Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;p. Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland;q. University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus;r. Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Flow Cytometry, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. F. Mihaljevic”, Zagreb, Croatia;s. National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland;t. National Reference Laboratory of AIDS, National Institute of Health, Prague, Czech Republic;u. Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark;v. National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, Romania;w. IrsiCaixa Foundation, Badalona, Spain;x. Slovenian HIV/AIDS Reference Centre, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia;y. University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;z. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden;11. Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden;12. Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia;13. University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia;14. Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;15. Institute of Infectious Diseases Research, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., New York, USA;16. Eijkman Winkler Institute, Department of Virology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;17. University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy;18. Laboratoire de Virology, Hôpital Necker Paris, France;19. Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic university, Rome, Italy;110. University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany;111. International Clinical Virology Centre, Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom;112. Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;113. Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland;114. University of Siena, Siena, Italy;1. Hellenic Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, Amarousio, Greece;2. Hellenic Scientific Society for the Study of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Transmission Reduction Intervention Project–Athens site, Athens, Greece;3. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece |
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| Abstract: | The Simian Immunodeficiency Virus of sooty mangabeys (SIVsmm) has been revealed to be at the origin of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 (HIV-2) in humans, firstly detected from two Portuguese patients in 1986. HIV-2 is mainly restricted to West Africa where it infects up to 1 to 2 million people. HIV-2 is also present in Europe, mainly Portugal and France, India and United States of America. Two major HIV-2 groups, groups A and B, were generated by two independent transmission events involving infected sooty mangabeys from the Taï forest in Ivory Coast. Seven other HIV-2 groups have been described, but each has only been identified in one patient. To date, no subtypes have been formally described but some preliminary data suggest that HIV-2 group A may be divided in two distinct subtypes with distinct geographical origins. To date only two recombinant forms have been described: one circulating recombinant form (CRF01_AB) and one unique recombinant form. In this review, we focused mainly on molecular data available and their insights about HIV-2 origins, diversity, drug resistance and global epidemiology. |
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