高通量测序技术在按蚊共生微生物研究中的应用

按蚊是疟疾的传播媒介,又称疟蚊。在按蚊体内,尤其是肠道内定殖着大量的共生微生物。共生微生物直接或间接地影响蚊虫的营养、发育、繁殖和免疫等重要生理活动。研究表明,肠道共生菌还能影响疟原虫的入侵、发育和传播。按蚊对常用杀虫剂逐渐产生抗性,疟原虫也对抗疟药产生了抗药性,严重阻碍了消除疟疾进程,迫切需要新的疟疾传播阻断战略。利用共生微生物控制和阻断疟疾传播是有潜力的方法之一,因此研究按蚊的共生微生物组成对理解按蚊、共生微生物以及病原体三者间的互作关系,识别用于防控疟疾的候选细菌有重要意义。高通量测序技术的应用有效克服了传统方法的局限性,极大地提高了对按蚊共生微生物多样性的认识。本文将从高通量测序技术在按蚊共生微生物组成、多样性和影响因素及其在疟疾防控中的应用进展进行综述。

Use of high-throughput sequencing technology in the study of symbiotic microbes of Anopheles

Anopheles,also known as the malaria mosquito,is a malaria vector.Anopheles harbors many symbiotic microbes,especially in its gut.Symbiotic microbes play a role directly or indirectly in nutrition,development,reproduction,immunity,and other important physiological activities of mosquitoes.Studies have indicated that gut symbionts can also affect the invasion,development,and transmission of Plasmodium.Worryingly,Anopheles has gradually developed resistance to commonly used insecticides and Plasmodium has also developed resistance to antimalarials,seriously hindering the process of eliminating malaria.Symbiotic microbes with the potential to control and block malaria transmission are being identified and may be used in the future.Hence,the composition of symbiotic microbes in Anopheles needs to be studied to identify potential bacteria for malaria control and to ascertain the relationship among Anopheles,symbiotic microbes,and pathogens.The use of high-throughput sequencing technology effectively overcomes the limitations of conventional methods and has greatly improved the understanding of the diversity of symbiotic microbes in Anopheles.This review summarizes the use of high-throughput sequencing technology to study the composition and diversity of and factors influencing symbiotic microbes in Anopheles as well as their use in malaria control.