中枢神经系统暗色丝孢霉病1例及文献复习

目的探讨中枢神经系统暗色丝孢霉病的临床特征、诊断、治疗及预后。方法对收住1例患儿的临床表现、实验室检查、头颅影像学检查、脑活检组织病理及培养结果进行分析,随访观察其疗效。结果患儿为3岁6个月男童,因间断头痛伴呕吐3个月、双下肢乏力伴尿潴留9 d入院。头颅CT与MRI平扫示颅内多发钙化灶伴周围明显水肿,胸腰椎MRI提示T7椎体水平脊髓局灶信号异常,增强MRI扫描示病灶周边强化。颅内病变处活检提示变性坏死肉芽肿性炎症,其中见暗色粗大的真菌菌丝和芽孢。活检组织与脑脊液培养出同一病原,经鉴定为皮炎外瓶霉。应用两性霉素B与伊曲康唑2个月,疗效不佳,患者自动出院,1个月后死亡。结论皮炎外瓶霉引起的中枢神经系统暗色丝孢霉病非常少见,是最严重的真菌感染类型;组织病理检查与培养是确诊的依据,该病治疗困难,预后不佳。

Therapy and Diagnosis of Phaeohyphomycosis of Central Nervous System

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics ,diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of phaeohyphomycosis. Methods Clinical data were collected, including history, physical examination, cranial and spinal imaging. Brain biopsy was performed. Data of the pathology and incubation of brain tissue were analyzed. Responsiveness to treatment was followed up. Results A previously healthy three and half years old boy was presented to our unit, with a three- month history of recurrent headache, vomiting, progressive paraplegia accompanied by urinary continence and constipation. A computed tomogram scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed multiple lesions located in the region of the parietal - occipital lobes, periventricular area and frontal lobe, with prominent surrounding edema and irregular peripheral enhancement of the mass after the administration of contrast materials. A cerebral biopsy was performed and the pathological report was cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. The culture of the tissue and cerebrospinal fluid grew a same fungus identified as exo-phiala dermatitidis. The patient's response to therapy was poor, the parents of the boy gave up therapy, and the boy died 1 month later. Conclusions Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala dermatitidis is rare, but the most serious form of fungus infection. Pathology and incubation of the tissue are essential for diagnosis. There is no curative therapy and the prognosis is poor.