中国霍乱流行菌株的耐药性变化分析

中国自1961年传入埃尔托型霍乱流行至今，已有30余年之久。期间不论是流行菌型和流行菌株的耐药率，据有关文献报道，均发生了较大的变化：二十世纪印年代～70年代的流行菌株，极少见有耐药菌株的报道，自80年代至今有关霍乱流行菌株的耐药报道逐渐增多，流行菌株的耐药率也随着流行期的延续和流行菌型的变化而随之变化。各地霍乱流行区都不同程度地出现了耐药菌株。本文参考有关报道95篇，分别以稻叶型和小川型对32种药物的最高耐药率依次选用6个地区进行统计、对比、分析，作综合报道。耐药率在两型菌株中均出现100％耐药率的药物是青霉素。耐药率在稻叶型菌株高达50％以上，小川型达100％的有氨苄青霉素和四环素；稻叶型耐药率在42．5％～4．5％之间、小川型有100％耐药的药物依次是痢特灵、羧苄青霉素、链霉素、磺胺、强力霉素和复方新诺明。壮观霉素对稻叶型茵为100％敏感，而对小川型的耐药率可达70％～100％；稻叶型与小川型菌株均未出现耐药的药物有环丙氟哌酸、头孢呋新、头孢三嗪、头孢孟多、甲氟哌酸等5种新、特药品，其余药物的耐药率均在以上药物的耐药率之间。

Analysis of variation of resistance of epidemic vibrio cholerae strains to antibiotics in China

It has been more than 30 years since EI Tor vibrio cholera imported in China in 1961. It was reported that remarkable changes in resistance of the vibrio cholera to antibiotics were observed both in epidemic strains and types. From 1960's to 1970's few reports on resistant strains were available. Whereas increasing findings on resistance of vibrio cholera to antibiotics were reproted since 1980's and resistant stains were found in different endemic areas. In this paper the highest resistant rate of the two types, Inaba and Ogawa, to 32 antibiotics was tested and compared in 6 regions. The results showed that the rate of resistance to penicillin was 100% .While the rates of resistance to ampicillin arid arhromgan were over 50% in Inada and 100% in Ogawa.The rates of resistance to furoxone , pyopen, streptomycin, sulfonamide, deoxycydline and SMZ were between 42.5% and 4.5 in Inaba and 100% in Ogawa.Spectinomycin- sensivity rate was 100% in Inaba,but a resistant rate of 70% -100% was observed in Ogawa.No Resistance of Inaba and Ogawa to 5 new antibiotics, ciprofloxalin, cefuroxine, cefuraxine, cefamandole and pefloxacin was observed.