Energy density,diet quality,and central body fat in a nationwide survey of young Spaniards |
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| Authors: | Helmut Schröder Michelle A Mendez Santiago F Gomez Montserrat Fíto Lourdes Ribas Javier Aranceta Lluis Serra-Majem |
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| Institution: | 1. Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Research Programme in Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders (RICAD), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain;2. CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain;3. Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC;4. Fundación THAO, Spain;5. CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain;6. Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional (Nutrition Research Foundation), Spain;7. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Spain;8. Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesTo determine the impact of energy density on diet quality and anthropometric proxy measures for central body fat in young Spaniards.MethodsData were obtained from a representative national sample of 2513 young Spaniards aged 10 to 24 y. Dietary assessment was performed with a 24-h recall. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the KIDMED index. Reduced rank regression analysis was used to identify energy-density dietary patterns. Waist circumferences and height were measured.ResultsPastries and sausages showed the strongest loading for the dietary energy density factor score (DED-FS), with fruits and vegetables at the opposite end of the scale. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive association (P < 0.01) of dietary energy density (DED) and the DED-FS with waist circumferences regressed on height and age (WCheight+age) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The adjusted odds ratio for elevated WCheight+age and WHtR increased across quartile distribution of DED (P < 0.001) and DED-FS (P < 0.05). Diet quality characterized by the KIDMED index was negatively associated (P < 0.001) with DED and the DED-FS.ConclusionsHigher DED is a risk for increased central fat distribution and is associated with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. |
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| Keywords: | Energy density Waist circumferences Waist-to-height ratio Diet quality Mediterranean diet |
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