Cognition and the five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in schizophrenia |
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| Authors: | Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez Alexandra Bagney Laura Mezquita Isabel Martinez-Gras Eva-Maria Sanchez-Morla Natalia Mesa Manuel-Ignacio Ibañez Justo Diez-Martin Miguel-Angel Jimenez-Arriero Antonio Lobo Jose-Luis Santos Tomas Palomo |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of California, San Francisco, United States;2. University of California, Davis, United States;3. San Francisco VA Healthcare System, United States;1. Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States;3. Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina — Chapel Hill, United States;4. Polytechnic Institute of Porto, School of Allied Health Technologies, Porto, Portugal;5. Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;6. Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil;7. Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;1. SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA;2. University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1450, Miami, FL, 33136, USA;3. University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC: 0603, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA;4. Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive (116A), San Diego, CA 92161, USA;1. Complutense University of Madrid, Spain;3. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain;4. Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Avda. Menéndez Pelayo, N° 65, 28009 Madrid, Spain;5. The National University of Distance Education, Spain;1. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway;2. Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway;3. Women and Children''s Division, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway;4. Adult Psychiatric Department Vinderen, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway;5. Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East-Region Zealand, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;6. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;7. Psychiatric Division, Network of Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway;8. Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway;9. Department of Clinical Medicine, Section Psychiatry, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway;10. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. 1094, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway;11. Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3004 Drammen, Norway;12. Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;13. Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway;14. Department of Social and Behavioural Health, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Different exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) have found a number of factors other than the original positive, negative, and general psychopathology. Based on a review of previous studies and using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), Wallwork et al. (Schizophr Res 2012; 137: 246–250) have recently proposed a consensus five-factor structure of the PANSS. This solution includes a cognitive factor which could be a useful measure of cognition in schizophrenia. Our objectives were 1) to study the psychometric properties (factorial structure and reliability) of this consensus five-factor model of the PANSS, and 2) to study the relationship between executive performance assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the proposed PANSS consensus cognitive factor (composed by items P2-N5-G11). This cross-sectional study included a final sample of 201 Spanish outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. For our first objective, CFA was performed and Cronbach's alphas of the five factors were calculated; for the second objective, sequential linear regression analyses were used. The results of the CFA showed acceptable fit indices (NNFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.08). Cronbach's alphas of the five factors were adequate. Regression analyses showed that this five-factor model of the PANSS explained more of the WCST variance than the classical three-factor model. Moreover, higher cognitive factor scores were associated with worse WCST performance. These results supporting its factorial structure and reliability provide robustness to this consensus PANSS five-factor model, and indicate some usefulness of the cognitive factor in the clinical assessment of schizophrenic patients. |
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