Association Between Number of Volunteer Responders and Interventions Before Ambulance Arrival for Cardiac Arrest |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Copenhagen University Hospital—Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, Copenhagen, Denmark;2. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;4. Department of Research and Development, Prehospital Emergency Medical Services, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark;5. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;6. Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – North Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark;7. Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;8. National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark;9. Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundVolunteer responder (VR) programs for activation of laypersons in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have been deployed worldwide, but the optimal number of VRs to dispatch is unknown.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the number of VRs arriving before Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and the proportion of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation.MethodsWe included OHCAs not witnessed by EMS with VR activation from the Capital Region (September 2, 2017, to May 14, 2019) and the Central Region of Denmark (November 5, 2018, to December 31, 2019). We created 4 groups according to the number of VRs arriving before EMS: 0, 1, 2, and 3 or more. Using a logistic regression model adjusted for EMS response time, we examined associations between the number of VRs arriving before EMS and bystander CPR and defibrillation.ResultsWe included 906 OHCAs. The adjusted ORs for bystander CPR were 2.40 (95% CI: 1.42-4.05), 3.18 (95% CI: 1.39-7.26), and 2.70 (95% CI: 1.32-5.52) when 1, 2, or 3 or more VRs arrived before EMS (reference), respectively. The adjusted OR for bystander defibrillation increased when 1 (1.97 [95% CI: 1.12-3.52]), 2 (2.88 [95% CI: 1.48-5.58]), or 3 or more (3.85 [95% CI: 2.11-7.01]) VRs arrived before EMS (reference). The adjusted OR of bystander defibrillation increased to 1.95 (95% CI: 1.18-3.22) when ≥3 VRs arrived first compared with 1 VR arriving first (reference).ConclusionsWe found an association of increased bystander CPR and defibrillation when 1 or more VRs arrived before the EMS with a trend toward increased bystander defibrillation with increasing number of VRs arriving first. |
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| Keywords: | AED bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation defibrillation OHCA out-of-hospital cardiac arrest smartphone app volunteer responders AED" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0055" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" automated external defibrillator CPR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0065" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" cardiopulmonary resuscitation EMS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0075" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" emergency medical services OHCA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0085" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" out-of-hospital cardiac arrest ROSC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0095" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" return of spontaneous circulation VR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0105" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" volunteer responder |
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