异基因造血干细胞移植后侵袭性真菌感染及其危险因素分析

本研究分析异基因造血干细胞移植（allo—HSCT）后患者侵袭性真菌感染（IFI）的发生及其高危因素。选择自2000年1月至2007年3月在我院行allo—HSCT患者180例，随访至2007年10月31日，用Kaplan—Meier和Cox回归模型方法，分析了IFI的发生率及其相关的危险因素。结果表明，35例（19、5％）患者在HSCT后发生了IFI，确诊1例，临床诊断34例；其中曲霉菌感染18例（51、4％），念珠菌感染17例（48．6％）。IFI组1年的存活率为34．3％．无IFI组1年的存活率为53．8％，存在显著性差异。在单因素分析中，与IFI的发生率增加有关的因素包括移植前真菌定植或感染、非血缘供者allo—PBHSC或allo—BMHSC移植、急性GVHD发生、广泛性慢性GVHD、应用甲基泼尼松龙。在多因素分析时，非血缘供者异基因外周血或骨髓干细胞移植、急性GVHD发生及移植前真菌感染或定植使IFI发生危险增加（RR分别为：1．589、2、399、1．410）。结论：IFI是allo—HSCT的常见并发症，也是主要致死原因之一，对移植前真菌感染或定植、非血缘供者allo-PBHSC或allo—BMHSC移植及发生急性GVHD的高危患者有必要早期采取干预性治疗。

Invasive Fungal Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Related Risk Factors

In order to analyze the incidence and high-risk factors of invasive fungal infections among recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), 180 cases of allo-HSCT were enrolled in this study. The incidence and risk factors of IFI were analyzed by method of Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression model. The results showed that an incidence of IFI in 35 cases (19.5%) were detected, with 1 case proven and 34 cases probably diagnosed, which was composed of 18 cases (51.4%) of aspergillosis and 17 cases (48.6%) of candidosis. There was significant difference in one-year overall survival rate between patients with (34.3%) or without (53.8%) IFI. In univariate analysis, risk factors of IFI included: pretransplant fungal infection or colonization, unrelated donor (peripheral blood or bone marrow stem cell) transplantation, acute GVHD, extensive chronic GVHD and the use of methylprednisolone. In multi-variate analysis, the following risk factors of IFI were found:unrelated donor for allogeneic peripheral blood or bone marrow stem cell transplantation, acute GVHD and pretransplant fungal infection or colonization acute GVHD (RR: 2.399, 1.589, and 0.836). It is concluded that IFI is a frequent complication and one of the leading causes of mortality among recipients of allo-HSCT. As for patients with higher risk of IFI, early interventions should be taken.