A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of aerobic exercise interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with intellectual disability |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, United States;2. Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, United States;1. UConn Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 263 Farmington Avenue Farmington, CT 06030, USA;2. University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA;3. The Lurie Institute for Disability Policy, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management Brandeis University, 415 South Street Waltham, MA, USA;4. UMass Memorial Health Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Memorial Campus, 119 Belmont Street, Jaquith Building Floor 2, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA;1. Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Office of Medical Student Research, Tulsa, OK, USA;2. Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA;3. Department of Surgery, Oklahoma State Medical Center, Tulsa, OK, USA;4. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA;5. Department of Family Medicine, Alliance Health, Durant, OK, USA;1. Research and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities, University of Montana, USA;2. Research and Training Center on Independent Living, The University of Kansas, USA;1. School of Health Technology and Management, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States;2. College of Arts and Sciences, Whitworth University, United States;3. Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States;1. Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Discovery 1 Building, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA;2. Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, NY, USA;3. National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disability, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;4. Commissioned Corps, US Public Health Service, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAdults with an intellectual disability (ID) have low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Low CRF has been associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Participation in regular exercise can help adults with ID increase their CRF.ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published, peer-reviewed clinical trials that evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) interventions on CRF in adults with ID, ages 18–65 years.MethodsEnglish-language articles were searched up to June 2021 from 11 electronic databases. Data were extracted using an author-developed form. Two independent authors assessed the risk of bias using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and reporting in Exercise (TESTEX). Meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3.ResultsOf the 1870 article titles and abstracts screened, 16 articles were included. The average TESTEX score (out of 15) was 8.1 (SD = 3.5, range 2–14). The pooled effect was statistically significant (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.63, z = 3.59; p = .000) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 35%, p = .000). Both types of intervention produced statistically significant CRF gains, with interventions that combined AE with resistance, balance, and/or flexibility exercises being slightly more effective (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.70, p = .007) than non-combined interventions (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.79, p = .02). Heterogeneity was moderate but non-significant for both types of intervention.ConclusionsThe review supports the use of AE interventions in promoting CRF in adults with ID. The interpretation is limited by the quality of evidence and by poorly described and/or executed familiarization and measurement protocols. |
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| Keywords: | Aerobic exercise Cardiorespiratory fitness Intellectual disability Meta-analysis Oxygen consumption |
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