护士职业倦怠状况与压力源的关系分析

目的探讨护士的职业倦怠状况与压力源的关系。方法采用护士职业倦怠问卷（MBI）、护士工作压力源量表、角色认知量表对753名在职护士进行测量和分析。结果夜班护士职业倦怠程度高于白班护士,其情绪耗竭、去人格化2个维度得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;相关性分析结果表明,全体护士的情绪耗竭、去人格化维度与护士工作压力源5个方面、角色模糊存在正相关,与角色冲突呈负相关（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;低个人成就感与护士工作压力源4个方面（除外护理专业及工作方面的问题）和角色模糊呈负相关（P〈0.01）,与角色冲突呈正相关。回归分析结果提示,角色模糊、角色冲突、工作环境及仪器设备问题、病人护理方面问题对情绪耗竭和去人格化维度具有预测作用,角色模糊、角色冲突、工作量及时间分配的问题、护理专业及工作方面的问题对低个人成就感维度具有预测作用。结论不同的工作压力源和角色认知对护士职业倦怠的3个维度具有不同的预测作用。提示改善护士的工作环境、工作量及时间分配等因素,提高护士对角色的认知,有助于减轻护士的职业倦怠感。

The Relations between Nurse's Occupational Accidie and Work Pressure Source

Objetive To explore the relation between nurse's occupational accidie and pressure scourse.Methods Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI),Pressure Source Scale,and Roles Recognition Scale were used to investigate among 753 nurses.The results were analyzed.Results The accidie degree of nurses at night-time shift was higher than that of those at daytime shift,with significant differences in emontional turnout and dipersonalization(P<0.01).Correlative analysis showed emotional turnout and dipersonalization were postively related with 5 pressure sources and role blur but negative with role conflict(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Lower sense of individual achievement and 4 pressure sources(but nursing professional problems) were negatively realted with role blur(P<0.01) but positively with role conflict.Regression analysis showed role blur,role conclict,issues in work environment and medical instruments,issues in caring patients were predictors of nurse's emotinoal burnout and depersonalization,while role blur,role conflict,work load,time allocation and issues in nursing specialty and work were indicative of lower individual achievements.Conclusion Different pressure source of work,role recognition are predictors of the three dimensions of nurse's occupational accidie,indicating improvement of their work environment,work load and time allocation and enhancement of their role recognition will contribute to the relief of their occupational accidie.