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Electromyographic activity of rectus capitis posterior minor muscles associated with voluntary retraction of the head
Authors:Richard C. Hallgren  Steven J. Pierce  Lawrence L. Prokop  Jacob J. Rowan  Angela S. Lee
Affiliation:1. Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;2. Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;3. Center for Statistical Training and Consulting, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane Rd, Room 178, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;4. Michigan State University Center for Orthopedic Research, Michigan State University, 2727 South Pennsylvania Ave, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;1. Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;3. Department of Neurosurgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;4. Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;5. Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;1. Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gong Ti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100020, China;2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shenzhou Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, 20 North nine Road, Heping District Shenyang 110002, China;3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gong Ti South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing 100020, China;1. Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of South Florida, 13220 USF Laurel Dr, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;2. Phillip Spiegel Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Foundation for Orthopaedic Research and Education, 13020 N. Telecom Parkway, Tampa, FL 33637, USA;3. Center for Spinal Disorders, Florida Orthopaedic Institute, 13020 N. Telecom Parkway, Tampa, FL 33637, USA;1. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Mail Stop 3021, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;2. Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;3. Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St, #4W-449, Toronto, ON, Canada;4. Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Box 359455, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Rm 14-315, Seattle, WA 98195-9455, USA;5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University, Emory Orthopaedics & Spine Center, 59 Executive Park South, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Rothman Institute, 925 Chestnut St, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107-4216, USA;7. Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, University Orthopaedic Center, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;8. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800212, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0212, USA;9. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New England Baptist Hospital, 125 Parker Hill Ave, Boston, MA 02120, USA;10. Boston Spine Group, 299 Washington St, Newton, MA 02458, USA;11. Department of Orthopaedics, University of Washington, Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery Clinic at Harborview, Harborview Medical Center, 1 West Clinic, Box 359798, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA 98104, USA;12. Spine Education and Research Institute, Center for Spinal Disorders, 9005 Grant St., Suite 200, Thornton, CO 80229, USA;13. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women''s Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA;14. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Indiana Spine Group, 8040 Clearvista Parkway, Suite 450, Indianapolis, IN 46256, USA;15. The CORE Institute, Center for Orthopedic Research and Education, 3010 W. Agua Fria Fwy #100, Phoenix, AZ 85027, USA;p. Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer 7-109, 600 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, MD 20889, USA;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;1. Department of Spine Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Rd, Shijiazhuang 050051, China;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, No.2, Chuiyangliu South St. Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, China
Abstract:
Background contextThe functional role of rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPm) muscles is not well defined. To the best of our knowledge, electromyographic (EMG) data from RCPm muscles in humans have never been collected and analyzed.PurposeTo test the null hypothesis that there will be no difference in normalized levels of EMG activity measured from RCPm muscles with the head in a neutral position and with the head in a retracted position.Study designA repeated measures design intended to quantify normalized levels of EMG activity measured from RCPm muscles.MethodsDisposable 25-gauge, bipolar fine wire hooked electrodes were used to collect EMG data from both right and left RCPm muscles from 17 asymptomatic subjects. Data were collected while subjects performed five trials with the head maintained in a neutral position; performed three maximal voluntary isometric contraction efforts; performed four trials with the head maintained in a retracted position. Mixed effects beta regression models were used to analyze the data.ResultsNormalized EMG activity of RCPm muscles collected with the subject's head held in a retracted position was significantly higher (p<.0001) than normalized EMG activity collected with the subject's head held in a self-selected, neutral position.ConclusionsRectus capitis posterior minor muscles are active when the head is held in a neutral position and show a significant increase in activity when the head is held in a retracted position.
Keywords:Rectus capitis posterior  Electromyography  Neck muscles  Functional role  Head retraction
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