脑糖原在脑能量代谢中的作用研究进展

脑糖原的含量远远小于肝糖原和肌糖原,但却是脑葡萄糖含量的几倍。脑糖原浓度可高达10μmol.g-1,大大超乎人们以往的认识。目前对于脑糖原的作用还不完全清楚,其含量受到神经递质、激素、神经元活动等因素影响。现阶段的研究表明,脑糖原是非常重要的脑能量储备和脑活动的物质基础。脑糖原主要储存于星形胶质细胞中,是神经元活动的主要能量来源。在睡眠和麻醉时积累脑糖原,清醒时消耗脑糖原,特别是神经元轴突活动激烈时迅速消耗脑糖原。在胰岛素诱发低血糖或脑缺血时,血源性葡萄糖供应不足,星形胶质细胞中糖原源性乳酸为神经元的活动和生存提供能量。糖原异常还可引起抑郁症、糖原贮积病、阿尔采末病、癫痫和拉福拉病等疾病。

The function research progress of cerebral glycogen in brain energy metabolism

Cerebral glycogen content is far less than the liver glycogen and muscle glycogen,but it is several times of cerebral glucose levels.Cerebral glycogen concentration can be as high as 10 micromole/g,greatly beyond the understanding of people in the past.For now the role of cerebral glycogen is not yet fully understood,its content is influenced by neurotransmitter,hormone,neuron activities,etc.Current research shows that cerebral glycogen is very important brain energy reserves and brain activity material foundation.Cerebral glycogen is mainly stored in astrocytes,which is the main source of energy of neuron activities.Time of sleep and anesthesia accumulates cerebral glycogen,but awaking time consumes cerebral glycogen,especially neuron axons intense activity quickly consumes cerebral glycogen.When the insulin induced hypoglycemia or cerebral ischemia,blood-borne glucose is in short supply,glycogen source lactic acid in astrocytes provides energy for neurons activities and survival.Glycogen abnormality can also cause depression,glycogenosis,Alzheimer's disease,epilepsy,Lafora's disease and other diseases.