医学生偏头痛的流行病学调查及影响因素分析

目的评估医学生群体偏头痛的患病率,并探讨影响其患病的危险因素.方法采用横断面的研究设计,于2019年4-5月对河北北方学院医学院的本科生进行了流行病学调查.采用ID Migraine TM偏头痛快速筛查工具评估医学生偏头痛症状,匹兹堡睡眠质量量表(PSQI)评估参与者的睡眠质量,利用二元Logistic回归分析研究影响偏头痛患病的危险因素.结果本研究共回收有效问卷1365份,有效回收率92.4%(1365/1477).偏头痛总体患病率为10.8%(147/1365),女性患病率明显高于男性13.1%(108/822)比7.2%(39/543),χ^2=12.07,P=0.001].单因素分析结果显示,偏头痛患病女性(χ2=12.07,P=0.001)、偏头痛家族史(χ2=62.58,P<0.01)和睡眠质量较差(χ^2=9.29,P=0.002)者明显高于非偏头痛患者;不同年级医学生偏头痛患病率不同(χ^2=12.59,P=0.013),四年级最高(14.2%,38/268),五年级次之(13.6%,31/228),三年级最低(7.0%,20/287).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=1.78,95%CI:1.33~2.38)、偏头痛家族史(OR=3.31,95%CI:1.89~5.77)和睡眠质量较差(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.57~2.38)与偏头痛患病呈正相关;较高年级(四年级:OR=2.18,95%CI:1.54~3.09;五年级:OR=1.87,95%CI:1.39~2.52)的医学生患有偏头痛的风险更高.结论女性、年级较高、偏头痛家族史和睡眠质量较差是医学生发生偏头痛的危险因素,这对我国医学生偏头痛的预防和治疗具有重要的指导意义.

Epidemiological investigation of migraine in medical students and analysis of influencing factors

Objective To assess the prevalence of migraine in the medical students,and to explore the risk factors for migraine.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of undergraduates in the School of Medicine,Hebei North University,from April to May 2019.The ID Migraine TM quick screening tool was used to evaluate medical students migraine symptoms.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale(PSQI)was used to evaluate participants'sleep quality.Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for migraine.Results Totals of 1365 effective questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 92.4%(1365/1477).The overall incidence of migraine was 10.8%(147/1365),significantly higher in women than in men(13.1%vs 7.8%,χ^2=12.07,P=0.001).The results of univariate analysis showed that women with migraine(χ^2=12.07,P=0.001),family history of migraine(χ^2=62.58,P<0.01)and poor sleep quality(χ^2=9.29,P=0.002)were significantly higher than those without migraine.The prevalence of migraine was different among medical students in different grades(χ^2=12.59,P=0.013),the highest in grade four(14.2%,38/268),the second in grade five(13.6%,31/228),and the lowest in grade three(7.0%,20/287).Multivariate analysis showed that female(OR=1.78,95%CI:1.33-2.38),family history of migraine(OR=3.31,95%CI:1.89-5.77),and poor sleep quality(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.57-2.38)were positively associated with migraine.Senior medical students(fourth grade:OR=2.18,95%CI:1.54-3.09;fifth grade:OR=1.87,95%CI:1.39-2.52)were at higher risk for migraine.Conclusions This study found that female,higher grade,family history of migraine and poor sleep quality were risk factors for migraine in medical students,which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of migraine in Chinese medical students in the future.