Distribution of tremor among the major degrees of freedom of the upper limb in subjects with Essential Tremor

ObjectiveAlthough Essential Tremor is one of the most common movement disorders, we do not currently know which muscles are most responsible for tremor. Determining this requires multiple steps, one of which is characterizing the distribution of tremor among the degrees of freedom (DOF) of the upper limb.MethodsUpper-limb motion was recorded while 22 subjects with ET performed postural and kinetic tasks involving a variety of limb configurations. We calculated the mean distribution of tremor among the seven DOF from the shoulder to the wrist, as well as the effect of limb configuration, repetition, and subject characteristics (sex, tremor onset, duration, and severity) on the distribution.ResultsOn average, kinetic tremor was greatest in forearm pronation-supination and wrist flexion–extension, intermediate in shoulder internal-external rotation and wrist radial-ulnar deviation and then shoulder flexion–extension and elbow flexion–extension, and least in shoulder abduction–adduction. The average distribution of postural tremor was similar except for forearm pronation-supination, which played a smaller role than in kinetic tremor. Limb configuration and subject characteristics did significantly affect tremor, but practically only in forearm pronation-supination and wrist flexion–extension. There were no significant differences between repetitions, indicating that the distribution was consistent over the duration of the experiment.ConclusionsThis paper presents a thorough characterization of tremor distribution from the shoulder to the wrist.SignificanceUnderstanding which DOF exhibit the most tremor may lead to more targeted peripheral tremor suppression.