Pharmacogenomics: Bridging the gap between science and practice |
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| Authors: | Kelly C. Lee Joseph D. Ma Grace M. Kuo |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy and Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, USA;2. Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, USA;3. Departments of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Nursing, Duke University, Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham VAMC, Durham, USA;1. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn;2. Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn;3. Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn;4. Department of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn;5. Department of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn;6. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn;7. Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo educate pharmacists about principles and concepts in pharmacogenomics, clinical applications of pharmacogenomic information, and the social, ethical, and legal aspects of pharmacogenomics and to describe a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-supported pharmacogenomics education program for pharmacists and other health professionals.Data sourcesPrimary literature from PubMed, recommendations from the Food and Drug Administration and Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Working Group, prescribing information, websites of government agencies and professional organizations, and relevant textbooks.Study selectionNot applicable.Data extractionNot applicable.Data synthesisPrinciples and concepts of pharmacogenomic nomenclature, polymorphism types, and systematic approach to understanding polymorphisms were reviewed. Drug therapy for select therapeutic areas that highlight the applicability of pharmacogenomics are presented, including abacavir, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tamoxifen, and warfarin. Challenges of translating pharmacogenomics into clinical practice included ethical, social, legal, and economic issues. We have developed a pharmacogenomics education program to disseminate evidence-based pharmacogenomics information and provide a resource for health professionals, including pharmacists.ConclusionPharmacists play a critical role in the education of patients and health professionals in the area of pharmacogenomics. |
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