妊娠期糖尿病孕妇产后转归及保健情况调查

目的：了解妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）孕妇产后2年转归情况、保健现状和产后保健需求，为完善GDM孕妇产后保健、减少不良转归提供参考。方法：通过便利抽样对2年内在天津市某三级甲等医院产科分娩的妊娠期糖尿病孕妇产后转归现状及保健需求进行问卷调查。结果：13.6%GDM孕妇出现产后体质量滞留；56.5%GDM孕妇产后从未监测过血糖，4.2%GDM孕妇在产后不同时间出现了糖耐量受损，1例GDM孕妇产后2年内已确诊2型糖尿病；59.7%GDM孕妇在产后42天内进行了产后保健，34.6%GDM孕妇从未进行过产后保健，36.1%GDM孕妇没有得到任何相关专业人士的指导；GDM孕妇更希望由妇产科医生、助产士、社区保健医生通过孕妇学校课程、宣传手册、微信公众号等线上形式提供新生儿保健指导、膳食指导、运动指导、主要照护者健康教育等保健内容。结论：目前GDM孕妇对血糖变化重视程度较低，自我监测意识较差；产后保健不够系统、规范，未来应进一步加强筛查与管理，以减少GDM产后不良转归的发生。

Investigation on postpartum outcome and health care of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective: To investigate the status quo of postpartum outcome and health care needs of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for 2 years after delivery, to provide reference for improving postpartum health care of them and reducing adverse outcomes. Methods: The convenience sampling method was used to investigate the status quo of postpartum outcomes and health care needs of GDM pregnant women who delivered in a third grade A hospital in Tianjin within 2 years. Results: About 13.6% of GDM pregnant women had postpartum body mass detention, 56.5% of them never monitored blood glucose postpartum, 4.2% of them had impaired glucose tolerance at different times after delivery, one GDM pregnant women had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within 2 years after delivery; 59.7% of them received postpartum care within 42 days after delivery, 34.6% of them never had postpartum care, 36.1% of them did not receive any relevant professional guidance.GDM pregnant women prefered to have obstetricians and gynecologists, midwives, and community health care doctors providing neonatal health care guidance, dietary guidance, exercise guidance, and health eduction for primary caregives through pregnancy school courses, brochures, and WeChat public platform, etc. Conclusion: At present, GDM pregnant women pay less attention to blood glucose changes and have poor awareness of self-monitoring. Postpartum health care is not systematic and standardized. In the future, screening and management should be further strengthened to reduce the occurrence of postpartum adverse outcomes of GDM.