农村居家养老老年人综合健康状况的现况调查

目的：了解农村居家养老老年人的综合健康现状及其影响因素。方法：采用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表、Morisky用药依从性问卷、APGAR家庭功能评估表、阿森斯失眠量表和老年抑郁量表调查216例农村居家养老老年人。结果：农村居家养老老年人生理领域、心理领域和总的健康状况与生存质量得分低于常模（P<0.05），环境领域得分高于常模（P<0.05），社会关系领域得分与常模比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多元回归分析显示，抑郁、失眠、慢性病3个变量进入生理领域回归方程，解释生理领域总变异的50.3%；抑郁、家庭功能、失眠、工作劳动情况、经济收入5个变量进入心理领域回归方程，解释心理领域总变异的49.7%；抑郁、家庭功能、失眠3个变量进入社会关系领域回归方程，解释社会关系领域总变异的29.4%；抑郁、失眠、家庭功能、经济收入4个变量进入环境领域回归方程，解释环境领域总变异的36.9%；抑郁、失眠、家庭功能、慢性病4个变量进入总的健康状况与生存质量回归方程，解释总的健康状况与生存质量总变异的45.0%。结论：农村居家养老老年人在生理领域和心理领域健康水平仍较低。抑郁情绪、失眠、家庭功能障碍、患慢性病、经济收入低是影响其综合健康状况的主要因素。

Comprehensive health status of the elderly living at home in the rural areas

Objective: To investigate the comprehensive health status and its influencing factors of the elderly living at home in the rural areas. Methods: The WHOQOL-BREF, Morisky medication adherence scale, APGAR family function assessment scale, Athens insomnia scale, and geriatric depression scale were used to survey 216 rural elderly living at home. Results: The scores of the elderly in the physiological, psychological, and general health status and quality of life were significantly lower than the norm(P<0.05), the score in the environmental field was significantly higher than the norm (P<0.05), and the score in the social relations field between elderly and norm was no significant difference(P>0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that the depression, insomnia, and chronic diseases entered the regression equation of the physiological field, accounting for 50.3% of the total variation in the physiological domain; The depression, family function, insomnia, work and labor conditions, and economic income entered the regression equation of the psychological field, accounting for 49.7% of the total variance in the psychological field; The depression, family function, and insomnia entered the regression equation of the social relationship field, accounting for 29.4% of the total variance in the social relationship field; The depression, insomnia, family function, and economic income entered the regression equation of the environmental field, accounting for 36.9% of the total variance in the environmental field; The depression, insomnia, family function, and chronic disease entered the regression equation of general health and quality of life, accounting for 45.0% of the total variance of general health and quality of life. Conclusion: The physical and psychological health of the elderly living at home in the rural areas is still relatively low. Depression, insomnia, family dysfunction, chronic diseases, and low income are the most important factors.