老年住院患者10年疾病谱变化的研究

目的了解北京市综合医院老年人住院疾病谱10年来的变化趋势。方法采用回顾的方法,研究北京市一所大型综合医院1996年-2005年10年的住院数据,对老年组与非老年组、不同性别的老年人疾病谱进行顺位、变化趋势分析。结果老年人住院率高的前5种疾病为:脑血管病、肿瘤、冠心病、肝胆疾病和糖尿病。10年来,心脑血管疾病在老年组和非老年组住院率均有增加趋势;而慢性支气管炎等呼吸系统疾病则有减少趋势。老年住院疾病谱前5位顺位在性别上无大的差异;男性在脑血管病、肿瘤、冠心病、慢性阻塞性肺病和肺炎5种病上的住院率高于女性;女性在肝胆疾病、糖尿病、白内障、骨关节病、青光眼上的住院率高于男性;男女患者10年来住院率变化不大。结论老年住院疾病谱有一些变化,心、脑血管疾病、肿瘤一直排在老年人住院疾病前列,是当前老年慢性病的防治重点,同时应重视老年女性的健康保健。

The Study on the Changes of the Chronic Disease Spectrum of the Senior Inpatients in Ten Years

Objective To investigate the disease spectrum of senior inpatients iZn a general hospital in Beijing,and to find out the tendency of disease spectrum in the last ten years.Methods A retrospective method was adopted to study the disease spectrum of the inpatients based on the hospitalization data in the large general hospitals in Beijing in ten years from 1996 to 2005.Results The first five diseases causing the senior(over 60 years old)to be admitted are cerebral vascular disease,tumor,coronary heart disease,hepatological diseases,and diabetes mellitus.In these ten years,the hospitalization rate of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases tends to increase in both the groups of the senior and non-senior,while that of the chronic bronchitis tends to decrease.There is no significant difference between sexes in the orders of top five diseases causing to be admitted.For the male,the hospitalization rate caused by cerebral disease,tumor,coronary heart disease,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia is higher;while for the female,the hospitalization rate caused by hepatological disease,diabetes mellitus,cataract,osteoarthrosis,glaucoma is higher;the hospitalization rates for the male and female have not obviously changed.Conclusions There are some changes in hospitalization rates for the senior.Cardio-cerebral vascular diseases and tumor have always been in the front rank for the senior inpatients.And they should be the current emphases of prevention and treatment of geriatric conditions.And we should pay attention to the health of senior women.