叶酸受体及其在肿瘤核医学中的应用

叶酸受体是一种在肿瘤细胞膜表面高度表达的蛋白膜受体,有α和β两种亚型。来源于上皮组织的癌组织高度表达α亚型受体,非上皮来源的癌组织主要表达β亚型受体,两种亚型受体对叶酸及其类似物都有很高的亲和力。叶酸受体在几乎所有的卵巢癌和大部分的恶性肿瘤如乳腺癌、宫颈癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、鼻咽癌等中都有表达,同时在正常组织的表达又高度保守。通过对其分类、结构、染色体定位、分布、配体及其在肿瘤核医学中应用的研究,将有助于肿瘤的早期诊断和针对肿瘤细胞的靶向性治疗。

Folate receptor and the application in tumor nuclear medicine

The folate receptor is a membrane protein overexpressed in tumor cells.Two folate receptor isoforms have been identified in humans by the modern molecular biology, α and β.The type α receptor is frequently overexpressed in epithelial-lineaged tumors and the type β in nonepithelial-derived tumors.Both isoforms show a high affinity for folic acid.The folate receptor is overexpressed in approximately 100% of other ovarian carcinomas and a wide variety of other human cancers,including breast,cervical,colorectal and nasopharyngeal tumors,while being highly restricted in most normal tissues.The studies of folate receptor in the isoforms,structures,gene mapping,distribution,ligand and application in trmor nuclear medicine will be helpful in the early diagnosis and treatment of tumors.