沈阳市中小学生心理健康状况与人格特征关系

目的了解辽宁省沈阳市中小学生心理健康状况及其与人格特征的关系,为心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法对辽宁省沈阳市7所中学和4所小学的1 499名中小学生进行问卷调查。结果沈阳市中小学生的心理健康问题检出率为19.3%,其中男生和女生的检出率分别为20.7%和18.2%;长处与困难问卷(SDQ)情绪症状、品行问题、多动注意不能、同伴交往问题、社会行为得分和困难总分分别为(2.9±2.4),(2.5±1.8),(3.2±2.1),(3.2±1.7),(7.3±2.4)和(11.9±6.1)分,与常模比较,情绪症状、品行问题、同伴交往问题得分和困难总分均高于常模(P<0.01);艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)内外向(E)、精神质(P)、神经质(N)和掩饰(L)得分分别为(17.7±4.8),(3.6±3.3),(8.2±5.8)和(15.0±3.8)分;相关分析结果表明,E和L与社会行为呈正相关关系(P<0.01),与情绪症状、品行问题、多动注意不能、同伴交往问题和困难总分均呈负相关关系(P<0.01);P和N与社会行为因子呈负相关关系(P<0.01),与情绪症状、品行问题、多动注意不能、同伴交往问题和困难总分均呈正相关关系(P<0.01);多元线性回归分析结果表明,人格特征中E(β=-0.220)、P(β=0.195)、N(β=0.428)和L(β=-0.172)与心理健康水平密切相关,并影响中小学生心理健康水平(P<0.01)。结论沈阳市中小学生心理健康问题较多;人格特征对心理健康有预测作用。

Relationship between mental health and personality characteristics among junior and senior school students in Shenyang

ObjectiveTo study the status of mental health and its association with personality characteristics among junior and senior school students in Shenyang,and to provide evidence for developing mental health education.MethodsTotally 1499 students from 7 senior and 4 junior schools were selected with stratified cluster sampling and were investigated with questionnaire survey.ResultsThe prevalence of mental health problem among the students was 19.3% (20.7% in boys and 18.2% in girls).The scores of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)in emotional symptom,conduct problem,hyperactivity/inattention,peer problem,prosocial behaviour and total difficulty scores were 2.9±2.4,2.5±1.8, 3.2±2.1,3.2±1.7,7.3±2.4,and 11.9±6.1,respectively.Compared with SDQ norms,the scores of emotional symptom,conduct problem,peer problem and total difficulty were higher than those of the norms(P<0.01 for all).The scores of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ)in introversion,pschoticism,neuroticism,and lie were 17.7±4.8,3.6±3.3, 8.2±5.8,and 15.0±3.8.The results of correlation analysis showed the E and L were positively related with prosocial behaviour(P<0.01),and negatively related with emotional symptom,conduct problem,hyperactivity/inattention,peer problem,and total difficulty score(P<0.01 for all).P and N were negatively related with prosocial behaviour(P<0.01),and positively related with emotional symptom,conduct problem,hyperactivity/inattention,peer problem,and total difficulty score(P<0.01 for all).In stepwise regression analysis,the personality characteristics of E(β=-0.220),P(β=0.195), N(β=0.428),and L(β=-0.172)were significantly associated with mental health and affected mental health among the students(P<0.01).ConclusionThere are mental health problems and personality characteristics has predictive effect on mental health among junior and senior school students in Shenyang city.