前交叉韧带切除后股骨关节软骨变化的初步实验研究

目的探讨切除兔膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）后，膝关节软骨病理学和影像学的改变，为临床选择适当时机处理ACL断裂提供有用的实验依据。方法健康新西兰大白兔30只，随机分成5组，每组各6只，其中3～5组在实验过程中各有2只动物死亡。双侧膝关节自体对照，右侧膝关节切断ACL作为阳性对照侧，左侧膝关节仅行膝关节切开术为假手术阴性对照侧。分别于术后4、8、11、15周和21周行膝关节正侧位X光检查，并于相对应时间点处死实验动物，对股骨关节面软骨进行损伤评分、软骨masson染色和电镜检查，检测不同时间点关节软骨的损伤程度。结果与阴性对照侧比较，ACL切除阳性侧的动物模型8周前大体标本肉眼观察，关节软骨并未发现明显异常，但masson染色和电镜观察结果显示关节软骨组织结构和细胞结构在4周已发生较轻微的病理改变，8～15周出现明显的软骨退变，21周时软骨可见破坏性改变。结论兔膝关节ACL切除后股骨关节面软骨4周时出现退变改变，并且时间越长，病变越明显，提示临床在处理膝关节ACL损伤时，应早期采用干预手段。

Preliminary experimental study on femural distal articular cartilage degeneration after anterior cruciate ligament transection in rabbits

Objective To investigate the radiological and pathological changes of rabbits＇ femural distal articular cartilage after anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） transection, and to supply the useful data for ACL rupture of early intervention. Methods Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups of six animals of each and Each of two animal deaths in the last three groups espectively. Rabbits＇ right knee received ACL transection left rabbits＇ left knee control. After 4, 8, 11, 15 weeks and 2 1 weeks from operation, X-ray radio graphical, histological studies and gross injury score were performed. Results No difference was seen in rabbits＇ right femural distal articular cartilage compared to the left＇ s by macroscopic observation before 8 weeks. Slightly changes on tissue and cells structure of articular cartilage were seen at 4 weeks by masson staining and electron microscope. But obvious cartilage degeneration was found during 8 - 15 weeks, and destructive change was found at 21 weeks. Conclusions Femural distal articular cartilage degeneration was found at 4 weeks after ACL transection and the degeneration was more serious with time longer. The result indicated that the early intervention was necessary after injury of ACL.