选择性脱除丹参提取液中重金属的吸附剂制备研究

目的以分子筛为主要原料,开发出能选择性脱除丹参提取液中5种重金属的吸附剂。方法从4种原料铁红粉末、快脱粉(活性氧化铝)、13X分子筛原粉、硫化锌粉末中筛选出13X分子筛原粉、活性氧化铝为原料,使用混料均匀试验方法,筛选吸附剂配方。再选用壳聚糖、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为扩孔剂,制备了扩孔型吸附剂。结果经混料均匀试验,可得吸附剂中13X分子筛原料比例处于0.275 6~0.465 5时,对水中5种重金属Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg、As均有较好脱除效果。将混料设计优选的吸附剂用于脱除丹参提取液中5种重金属,吸附时间4 h,Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg、As脱除率分别为14.4%、74.5%、54.6%、13.4%、8.8%。而相同组成的扩孔型吸附剂对丹参提取液中5种重金属脱除率有明显提升,Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg、As的脱除率分别提高至21.0%、91.5%、97.5%、60.3%、46.8%。结论所制备的扩孔型吸附剂,能在较短时间内脱除丹参提取液中5种重金属,具有一定工业应用前景。

Preparation of adsorbents for selectively removal of heavy metals from Salvia miltiorrhiz extract

Objective Taking molecular sieve as a main component, to develop adsorbents which can selectively remove five kinds of heavy metal in Salvia miltiorrhiz extract solution. Methods The 13X zeolite powder and active alumina powder were selected to compose adsorbent from four materials including iron red powder, fast powder (activated alumina), 13X molecular sieve powder, and zinc sulfide powder. The adsorbent formula was optimized with uniform design for mixture experiment. Pore-expanding agents, such as Chitisan and EDTA, were added to improve adsorbent pore structure. Results With uniform design for mixture experiment, adsorbents with 13X zeolite ratio 0.275 6-0.465 5 could effectively remove five heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) in water solution. The optimal adsorbents from uniform design were hard to remove heavy metal in S. miltiorrhiz extract solution in 4 h, and removal ratios of Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As were 14.4%, 74.5%, 54.6%, 13.4%, and 8.8%, respectively. With the same formula, pore-expanding adsorbents could effectively remove five heavy metals in S. miltiorrhiz extract solution in 4 h, and removal ratios of Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As increased to 21.0%, 91.5%, 97.5%, 60.3%, and 46.8%, respectively. Conclusion Pore-expanding adsorbents prepared in this study could remove five heavy metals in S. miltiorrhiz extract solution in short time, exhibiting industrial application prospect.