农村地区培养卫生人才的国际经验与启示

目的:描述国外为农村地区培养卫生人才的政策和项目,分析增加农村地区卫生人力的做法和措施,为我国订单定向免费医学生培养政策提供参考和依据。方法:采用文献综述方法,搜索国内外为农村地区培养卫生人才相关文献48篇,对上述文献进行逻辑分析归纳,系统回顾分析国内外相关策略和做法,总结经验启示。结果:为农村地区培养卫生人才的常见措施包括:招收农村背景学生、导师制医学培养、农村卫生机构实习、经济激励措施、毕业后强制农村服务。对我国的启示包括:充足的财政资金是保证项目顺利实施的先决条件;做好项目管理和评价工作可以提高项目实施效果;选择合适的做法组合实施此类项目可以提高其效果。结论:订单定向免费医学生培养政策适合当前我国国情,同时不少国外经验值得我们借鉴:加大资金投入,加强管理和评价,加强部门合作,进一步完善订单定向医学生培养。

International experiences and implications for education and training of health professionals in rural areas

Objectives:To describe and summarize international evidences on policies and programs for training health personnel in rural areas, to identify best practice to increase health manpower in rural areas, and to provide references for China''s policy of targeted admission program. Methods:This is a literature review based research. 48 literatures in Chinese and English were selected about the training of health professionals in rural areas at home and abroad. Thematic framework approach was applied to review and analyze the related strategies and practices, and lessons learned. Results:Common measures to train health personnel in rural areas included:enrollment of students with a rural background, tutoring system in medical training, internship in rural health institutions, financial incentives, and compulsory rural services after graduation. Lessons learnt:(1) adequate financial resources are a prerequisite for smooth program implementation; (2) Good project management and evaluation are critical aspects of effective project implementation; (3) choosing the right combination of various practices to implement such projects can improve effectiveness. Conclusions:The policy of targeted admission program is suitable for China''s current situation. Meanwhile, international experiences can provide valuable lessons to improve China''s program design and implementation and these include:increasing capital investment, strengthening management and evaluation, and strengthening sector cooperation to further improve targeted admission program.