Autism Spectrum Disorders and Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia: Clinical and Biological Contributions to a Relation Revisited |
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| Authors: | Judith Rapoport Alex Chavez Deanna Greenstein Anjene Addington Nitin Gogtay |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy;2. Center Diagnosis Care and Autism Research (CDRA), ULSS 9 Scaligera, Luna Association Onlus, Verona Italy, Brescia, Italy.;3. Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.;1. Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Dalglish Family Hearts and Minds Clinic for 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;3. Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;1. School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, United States;2. Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States;3. Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States;4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States;5. Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
ObjectiveTo highlight emerging evidence for clinical and biological links between autism/pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and schizophrenia, with particular attention to childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS).MethodClinical, demographic, and brain developmental data from the National Institute of Mental Health (and other) COS studies and selected family, imaging, and genetic data from studies of autism, PDD, and schizophrenia were reviewed.ResultsIn the two large studies that have examined this systematically, COS is preceded by and comorbid with PDD in 30% to 50% of cases. Epidemiological and family studies find association between the disorders. Both disorders have evidence of accelerated trajectories of anatomic brain development at ages near disorder onset. A growing number of risk genes and/or rare small chromosomal variants (microdeletions or duplications) are shared by schizophrenia and autism.ConclusionsBiological risk does not closely follow DSM phenotypes, and core neurobiological processes are likely common for subsets of these two heterogeneous clinical groups. Long-term prospective follow-up of autistic populations and greater diagnostic distinction between schizophrenia spectrum and autism spectrum disorders in adult relatives are needed. |
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