猪体外循环下房间隔缺损模型的建立及补片修补

  目的  探讨高成功率猪体外循环下房间隔缺损模型的建立及补片修补的方法。  方法  选用20只中华小型猪，雌雄不拘，12～13月龄，体质量45.3～55.7 kg，其中4只用于献血，16只用于造模。全麻气管插管，经右侧第四肋间进胸，导丝引导法行升主动脉插管，心包外法行上下腔静脉插管，建立体外循环，升主动脉不阻断，上下腔静脉阻断，并行循环下打开右房，于卵圆孔处预置缝线弯钳扩张法行房间隔造孔、实验补片植入。  结果  全组猪死亡1只，原因为右心耳结扎牵引暴露时根部意外撕裂出血，余15只顺利完成手术，均成功植入实验补片。1只猪术后低血压，平均压低至38 mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa），经使用升压药及补充容量缓解；1只猪术中心脏停搏，经心脏按摩后恢复。15只猪饲养6月，均成活。  结论  选用猪作为合适的实验动物，使用成熟规范的手术方法，能保证高成功率地建立实验模型，并成功进行补片修补。

The Establishment of Atrial Septal Defect Model in Pigs with Extracorporeal Circulation Followed by Patch Repairment

  Objective   To investigate the establishment of atrial septal defect model with high success rate in pigs with extracorporeal circulation and the method of followed patch repair.  Methods  Twenty Chinese miniature pigs weighing 45.3-55.7 kg were used, four of which were used for blood donationand the remaining for models. General anesthesia was conducted with intubation. Thoracotomy was performed through the right fourth intercostal space, and the ascending aorta cannulation with a wire-guide technique was carried out. The extra-pericardial method was used for the superior and inferior vena cava cannulation. The ascending aorta was not cross-clamped. After snaring the superior and inferior vena cava, the right atrium was opened on pump. Sutures were preset and a clamp was used to create and expand an interatrial septal hole followed by the implantation of the experimental patch.  Results  One animal died due to the aortic root torn and hemorrhage while exposing the right atrial appendage. The remaining 15 pigs successfully completed the operation. Among these 15 experimental animals, one had postoperative hypotension. The average pressure was decreased to 38 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), which was corrected by vasoactive agents and fluid resuscitation. One animal had intraoperative cardiac arrest and was resuscitated by heart massage. Fifteen experimental animals were raised for 6 months and all survived.  Conclusion  The selection of suitable experimental animals like swine and well-established surgical methods could ensure the success establishment of experimental models and patch repairment.