High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex relieves musculoskeletal pain in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Institute, Sagol Neuroscience Center and Department of Neurology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;2. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel;3. Department of Psychiatry, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;4. Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel;5. Department of Behavioral Sciences Kinneret Academic College on the Sea of Galilee, Israel;6. Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheba, Israel;1. Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea;2. Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Ikan, Chonbuk, Korea;3. Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea;4. Department of Health Science and Technology, Department of Medical Device Management & Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea;1. Sakarya Yenikent State Hospital, Department of Neurology, Sakarya 54000, Turkey;2. Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, İzmir, Turkey;3. Yeditepe University, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
BackgroundPain is common in Parkinson's disease, and there is no effective treatment. We conducted a clinical trial to determine whether high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex alleviates musculoskeletal pain in patients with Parkinson's disease.MethodsIn this single-center and double-blind trial, 52 patients with Parkinson's disease and musculoskeletal pain were randomly allocated to 26-member groups receiving 5 sessions of either 20-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or sham stimulation over the primary motor cortex. The participants underwent assessments in the “ON” medication state at baseline, after the fifth session, and at 2- and 4-week follow-up timepoints. The primary outcomes were pain scores on a numeric rating scale. The secondary outcomes were scores on clinical scales assessing motor symptoms, depression, anxiety, autonomic symptoms, sleep quality, and the overall severity of Parkinson's disease.ResultsAnalyses revealed significant group × time interactions for numeric rating scale pain scores (p < 0.001), motor symptom scores (p < 0.001), depression scores (p = 0.009), anxiety scores (p = 0.013), and overall disease severity scores (p < 0.001). Post hoc analyses confirmed that the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group, but not the sham stimulation group, exhibited significant improvements in numeric rating scale pain scores, motor symptom scores, depression scores, anxiety scores, and overall disease severity scores.ConclusionHigh-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex may be an effective adjunct therapy for alleviating musculoskeletal pain in patients with Parkinson's disease. |
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| Keywords: | Motor cortex Musculoskeletal pain Parkinson's disease Transcranial magnetic stimulation |
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