上海地区妊娠糖尿病饮食危险因素分析

目的调查妊娠糖尿病（GDM）患者和正常孕妇的饮食行为和习惯,研究上海地区GDM患者的饮食相关危险因素。方法选择上海交通大学附属第一人民医院确诊GDM的孕妇180例作为GDM组,同期就诊非GDM孕妇180例作为对照组,对妊娠期间的饮食习惯进行问卷调查。对两组资料进行单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析,研究GDM相关的饮食危险因素。结果单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,甜食、豆浆、豆制品、动物食品、荤汤、水果和坚果等饮食习惯与GDM发生间的相关性具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,甜食、豆浆、肉制品、水果和坚果等饮食习惯与GDM的发生具有相关性。结论饮食习惯和GDM的发生有一定关联。喜好甜食、动物性食品及坚果是上海地区GDM饮食危险因素;豆浆是饮食保护因素;水果在每日摄入400 g以下时是饮食保护因素,超过400 g是饮食危险因素。

Data analysis of the dietary risk factors in the patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate the dietary risk factors in the patients with gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） in Shanghai. Methods One hundred and eighty pregnant women who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes were randomly selected as case group. While another 180 pregnant women without diabetes were randomly chosen as control group in our hospital. The dietary practice of the two groups through questionnaire during their pregnancy were investigated and compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk and protective factors of GDM. Results The results of mono-logistic regression showed that the GDM were significantly associated with sweets, soybean milk, soy products, animal-made foods, meat soup, fruits, and nuts （P〈0.05）. Further multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that habit of eating sweets, soybean milk, animal-made feeds, fruits, and nuts were related to GDM. Conclusion Sweets, animal-made foods and nuts are the risk diet factors. Soy bean milk is the protective diet factor to GDM. Fruits taken below 400 g daily is the protective factor, but exceed 400 g is the risk factor.