某汽车厂工人下背痛患病率及其影响因素

目的 研究汽车生产工人下背痛（LBP）的患病情况及其影响因素。方法 于2013年6月采用二阶段整群随机抽样方法在湖北省十堰市某汽车公司抽取3 800名工人进行问卷调查。结果 该公司工人LBP年患病率为60.3%；单因素分析，对LBP发生的危险因素有：年龄＞30岁、几乎一直长时间站立（指持续时间＞1 h，下同）、工作时需做弯腰动作、工龄11~15年、工作时需做转身动作、工作时需保持弯腰姿势、高频率的重复性作业、人员短缺，它们对患病率影响依次递降，OR值范围在2.14~1.54，影响最大的是年龄30~39岁（OR=2.14，95%CI=1.70~2.68）和“几乎一直长时间站立”（OR=1.93，95%CI=1.56~2.40）；保护因素有：有充足的休息时间 （OR=0.56，95%CI=0.49~0.64）、可以自己决定何时开始和结束工作（OR=0.65，95%CI=0.55~0.77）、长时间坐着工作（OR=0.91，95%CI=0.78~1.07）；体质指数、长时间跪着工作、长时间坐着工作对LBP的影响无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示，女性、年龄≥30岁、工龄≥11年、工作时需做弯腰动作、几乎一直站立工作、几乎一直坐位工作、多次重复性操作、人员短缺为危险因素，休息时间充足、可以自己决定何时开始和结束工作为保护因素。结论 在汽车制造业工人中，LBP具有较高的患病率，需要采取改进工作体位、减少高频重复动作、改善劳动组织管理等措施予以干预。

Prevalence and influence factors of low back pain among workers in an automobile industry corporation

Objective To explore the prevalence and influence factors of low back pain (LBP)among automobile industry workers.Methods Using two-stage cluster random sampling,a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 800 workers in an automobile industry corporation in Shiyan city of Hubei province in June 2013.Chi-square test was utilized to compare the differences in the prevalence of LBP among different worker groups.Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results The prevalence of LBP was 60.3% among the workers.The results of univariate analysis showed that risk factors of LBP included aged over 30 years,prolonged standing (mean duration of more than one hour),frequently bending at work,length of service (11-15 years),rotating upper body frequently,needing to maintain bending position during work,high frequency of repetitive action,and personnel shortage,with the ORs ranging from 1.54 to 2.14 and the higher ORs of 2.14 (95% confidence interval[95%CI]=1.7-2.68)for aged 30-39 years and 1.93 (95%CI=1.56-2.40) for standing almost all the way during work;the protective factors against LBP were adequate time of resting (OR=0.56,95%CI=0.49-0.64),with a self-decided operation arrangement (OR=0.65,95%CI=0.55-0.77),and long time of sitting during work (OR=0.91,95%CI=0.78-1.07).Multivariate logistic regression indicated that female gender,aged more than 30 years,with a job seniority of more than 11 years,needing to bend during work,standing almost all the way during work,sitting almost all the way during work,repeated operations,and personnel shortage were risk factors of LBP;while adequate rest time,and being able to decide when to begin and stop working were protective factors against LBP.Conclusion There was a considerably higher prevalence of low back pain among automobile industry workers,suggesting intervention measures should be taken to control the disorder among the workers.