牡丹江市学龄前儿童反复呼吸道感染现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解黑龙江省牡丹江市学龄前儿童反复呼吸道感染（RRTI）现状及其影响因素，为儿童RRTI防治提供参考依据。方法 于2015年9月-2016年9月采用随机整群抽样方法在牡丹江市抽取9个行政区18家幼儿园1 583名非寄宿制学龄前儿童，采用自行设计调查问卷对其监护人进行学龄前儿童呼吸道感染情况调查。结果 结果 牡丹江市1 583名学龄前儿童中，RRTI者432例，感染率为27.29%；432例RRTI学龄前儿童中，反复上呼吸道感染236例（54.63%），反复下呼吸道感染196例（45.37%）；多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示，零食摄入量≥7次/周、同住人吸烟、哮喘和家中有慢性呼吸系统患者是牡丹江市学龄前儿童RRTI的危险因素，蔬菜摄入量≥7次/周和户外活动时间≥2 h/d是牡丹江市学龄前儿童RRTI的保护性因素。结论 牡丹江市学龄前儿童RRTI情况较为严重，零食摄入量、同住人是否吸烟、有无哮喘、家中有慢性呼吸系统患者、蔬菜摄入量和户外活动时间是牡丹江市学龄前儿童RRTI的主要影响因素。

Prevalence and influencing factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection among preschool children in Mudanjiang city

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection(RRTI)among preschool children in Mudanjiang city,Heilongjiang province,and to provide references for prevention and treatment of RRTI in children.Methods Totally 1 583 non-boarding preschool children were selected from 18 kindergartens in Mudanjiang city from September 2015 to September 2016 using random cluster sampling.A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the guardians of the pre-school children on the prevalence of RRTI.Results Of the 1 583 preschool children,432 (27.29%) were reported with RRTI.Of the 432 RRTI cases,236 (54.63%) and 196 (45.37%) were with recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infection.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that having snack intakes of ≥7 times per week,cohabitation with smokers,suffering from asthma,and with family members having chronic respiratory tract disease were risk factors for RRTI;while,taking vegetables ≥7 times per week and having outdoor activity two hours or more per day were protective factors against RRTI.Conclusion The prevalence of RRTI is serious and influenced by snack consumption,whether cohabitating with a smoker,whether suffering from asthma,having a chronic respiratory tract disease patient in the family,the amount of vegetables intake,and time of outdoor physical exercise for the preschool children in Mudanjiang city.