经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术相关并发症的防治探讨

目的：分析经皮椎体成形术（PVP）和经皮椎体后凸成形术（PKP）常见的并发症及其发生的原因,探讨其防治策略。方法：2008年5月～2010年2月,采用C形臂X线机透视下进行PVP和PKP共86例（104个椎体）,发生并发症5例共6个椎体,对其所发生的5例并发症进行回顾性分析。结果：经PVP与PKP治疗86例104节椎体病变,其中4例骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者,共5个椎体在术中发生骨水泥（聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂,PMMA）渗漏;另外1例乳腺癌并多发胸椎转移患者1个椎体术中出现恶心、呕吐且出现轻度肺栓塞,经对症处理后均消失。并发症总发生率为5.7%（6/104）。结论：导致并发症发生的主要原因有骨质疏松较重,椎体皮质不完整,操作技术不成熟,骨水泥注入时机和注入量欠佳,术中C形臂X线机透视监测不理想,骨水泥本身的毒性等。认为严格掌握适应证及禁忌证,规范手术操作,准确掌握骨水泥注入时机和注入量,术中严密的X线透视监测及心电监护可降低并发症的发生;积极防治并发症可提高治愈率。

Analysis of the therapeutic and preventive strategies to the complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)and percutaneous kypho-plasty(PKP)

Objective: To analyze the complications and the reasons,and explore the preventive strategies to percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) and percutaneous kypho-plasty(PKP).Methods: 86 cases(104 vertebrae) who underwent PVP or PKP under C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy from May 2008 to February 2010,5 cases(6 vertebrae) with complications were analyzed retrospectively.Results: 86 cases(104 vertebrae) who underwent PVP or PKP,PMMA leakage occurred in 5 of 4 osteoporosis;one patient who had thoracic metastasis underwent nause...