肾前筋膜间平面无血腹腔镜上尿路手术入路精准解剖与技巧

目的　探讨肾前筋膜间平面无血腹腔镜上尿路手术入路精准解剖与技巧（Inter-prerenal-fascia planes in urological laparoscopic operations，IpULO）。 方法　采用尸体解剖、320排CT影像解剖研究及临床病例活体腹腔镜手术研究，对IpULO手术中肾前筋膜间平面相关解剖标志在腹腔镜下的形态特点进行观察研究。 结果 肾前筋膜间平面是肾前间隙多层次的无血管筋膜结构，层面间充满蜘蛛丝网格状白色纤维组织，在IpULO手术过程中存在7个重要的外科平面：Told’t 筋膜间平面、结肠融合筋膜肾前融合筋膜间平面、结肠融合筋膜胰十二指肠前融合筋膜间平面、胰十二指肠后融合筋膜肾前融合筋膜间平面、肾前融合筋膜肾筋膜前叶间平面、肾筋膜前叶肾脂肪囊外平面、肾前肾筋膜前叶下平面。 结论 IpULO手术是基于层面外科的精准解剖入路，肾前筋膜间平面是IpULO手术的重要解剖层面，术中能推窗见景，避免解剖迷失。

Technique of precise anatomical study on the bloodless-surgical approach of inter-prerenal-fascia planes in urological laparoscopic operations

Objective　To investigate the surgical technique of precise anatomical study on the bloodless-surgical approach of inter-prerenal-fascia planes in urological laparoscopic operations（IpULO）.Methods　Autopsies, 320 slice CT scan images, and clinical laparoscopic surgery cases were included in this study to observe the morphological characteristic of the inter-prerenal-fascia planes.　Results　Inter-prerenal-fascia planes are the multiple-layer and avascular fascia in the anterior space of the kidney filled with spider silk lattice-like white fibrous tissue. There are seven important surgical planes involved in the IpULO procedure, which included from top to bottom: the interfascial plane of the Told’t, the plane between the colonic fusion fascia and the prerenal fusion fascia, the plane between the colonic fusion fascia and the prepancreaticoduodenal fusion fascia, the plane between the prerenal fusion fascia and the postpancreaticoduodenal fusion fascia, the plane between the prerenal fusion fascia and the anterior lamella of renal fascia, the plane between the perirenal fat and the anterior lamella of renal fascia, the subfascial plane of the anterior lamella of renal fascia.　Conclusion　Surgical approach is the key to accurate dissection operations like IpULO. Inter-prerenal-fascia planes are an important anatomical level in IpULO surgeric approach, which could significantly reduce erroneous dissection during IpULO procedure.