北京市海淀区妊娠期糖尿病和健康孕妇膳食频次与头发中锡水平的关联研究

目的了解北京市海淀区妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇与健康孕妇头发中锡元素(Sn)的浓度分布及差异,并探讨锡暴露与膳食频次的关系。方法本研究为巢式病例对照设计,研究对象为2017年10月—2018年10月在北京市海淀区妇幼保健院建档并自愿参加孕期队列的孕早期妇女,募集时问卷调查收集一般人口学特征和膳食频次,并采集头发标本。根据孕24~28周在该院进行75 g口服糖耐量检查的结果确定妊娠期糖尿病。采用电感耦合-等离子体质谱仪测定头发中的锡浓度。按照病例∶对照=1∶1的比例随机挑选对照组。最终有335名病例和343名对照纳入分析。结果GDM组和对照组的锡浓度(中位数)分别为0.17μg/g和0.14μg/g,病例组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;在病例组和对照组内,不同人群的锡浓度分布差异无统计学意义。食用油炸食品是锡暴露的危险因素,而食用肉类及制品、水产品、新鲜蔬菜、新鲜水果、火上烧烤或熏制食品、腌制食品、甜点和碳酸饮料与锡暴露无关。结论北京市海淀区孕妇锡暴露水平较低,但GDM组的暴露水平高于对照组,且食用油炸食品是锡暴露的危险因素,未发现其他膳食频次与孕妇锡元素的暴露有关。

Association between dietary frequency and Stannum level in hair of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and healthy women in Haidian district,Beijing

Objective To describe and compare the concentration of Stannum(Sn)in the hair of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)women and healthy pregnant women in Haidian district of Beijing,and explore the relationship between Sn and dietary intake frequency.Methods Subjects were early pregnant women who filed in the Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Beijing from October 2017 to October 2018 and volunteered to participate in the birth cohort.Questionnaires were used to collect general demographic characteristics and dietary frequency,and hair samples were also collected.A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.This study was a nested case-control design.The control group was randomly selected according to the ratio of case∶control=1∶1.A total of 338 cases and 343 controls were included in analysis.Sn in hair was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.Results Sn concentrations(median)of GDM group and control group were 0.17μg/g and 0.14μg/g,respectively.Sn was significantly higher in GDM group than control group;there was no significant difference of Sn concentration distribution among different groups in the case or control group.Eating fried foods is a risk factor for Sn exposure,while meat,seafood,fresh vegetables,fresh fruits,barbecue,preserved foods,desserts and carbonated beverages were not related to Sn.Conclusion Sn exposure of pregnant women in Haidian district of Beijing was relatively lower,but Sn of GDM group was higher than that of control group.Eating fried food was a risk factor for Sn exposure,and no other dietary intake frequency were found to be related to Sn exposure of pregnant women.