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排序方式: 共有292条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Hisao Komatsu Junko Nogaya Masaaki Ueki Satoshi Yokono Kenji Ogli 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1994,21(6):495-499
1. We previously reported that volatile anaesthetics produce incidences of a transient opisthotonus in mice, a sign of CNS stimulation. This study was performed to investigate mechanisms by which enflurane-induced opisthotonus (EIO) occurs. 2. The effects of pretreatment of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists dizocilpine (MK-801; DIZ) and ketamine (KET), GABAA antagonists picrotoxin (PIC), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and glycine antagonist strychnine (STR) on the incidence of EIO were determined. Prior to exposure to 2.0% enflurane in air, male ddN mice were given intraperitoneal injections of 0.2 mL saline (control), 0.5–5.0 mg/kg DIZ, 20–80 mg/kg KET, 2.9 mg/kg PIC, 40.0 mg/kg PTZ and 0.75 mg/kg STR. After the injection, the behavioural state of the mice was observed for 20 min (the pre-enflurane period). During the exposure to enflurane the time for immobilization, that is, anaesthetic induction time (IT), and the incidence of EIO were measured. 3. Dizocilpine (1.0–5.0 mg/kg) and KET (80 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.01) reduced both the incidence of EIO and IT in a dose-dependent manner. During the pre-enflurane period DIZ produced incidences (5–40%) of transient seizures in a dose-dependent manner, while KET did not induce them at all. The two GABAa antagonists had no detectable effect on the EIO. Strychnine significantly enhanced the EIO. These CNS stimulants resulted in a 3–10% incidence of transient seizure and/or opisthotonus during the pre-enflurane period, but there was no correlation between DIZ-induced seizure and EIO. 4. These results suggest that the EIO is mediated by the NMDA and the STR-sensitive glycine receptors, but not the GABAA receptor. We speculate that DIZ acts on the NMDA-receptor and/or disrupts the balance between the inhibitory and the excitatory systems. 相似文献
2.
A. A. Shandra K. V. Sudakov G. N. Kryzhanovskii 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》1991,111(1):64-69
Department of Normal Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Odessa Medical Institute. Department of Normal Physiology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical Institute. Laboratory of General Pathology of the Nervous System, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 1, pp. 49–52, January, 1991. 相似文献
3.
P. Tutka W. A. Turski Z. Kleinrok S. J. Czuczwar 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》1996,103(3):307-314
Summary Aminophylline reversed the protective action of both, D-3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid (D-CPP-ene — a competitive NMDA antagonist) and valproate (used as a conventional antiepileptic drug for comparative purposes) against maximal electroshock-induced seizures. The respective ED50 values of aminophylline were 55.7 and 98.4mg/kg i.p. However, aminophylline (up to 100mg/kg i.p.) did not influence the protective efficacy of 1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methyl-enedioxy-5H-2, 3-benzodiazepine (GYKI 52466 — a non-NMDA antagonist). Strychnine affected the protection provided by D-CPP-ene, GYKI 52466, and valproate against maximal electroshock — the ED50 values of strychnine for the reversal of the anticonvulsive effects of D-CPP-ene, GYKI 52466 or valproate were 0.082, 0.35 and 0.28mg/kg s.c., respectively.An involvement of strychnine sensitive glycinergic receptor-mediated events in the mechanism of the anticonvulsive activity of excitatory amino acid antagonists and valproate may be postulated. The ineffectiveness of aminophylline to reduce the anticonvulsive effects of GYKI 52466 may distinguish a new class of antiepileptic drugs offering an advantage over conventional antiepileptics in patients with epilepsy, requiring aminophylline for pulmonary reasons. 相似文献
4.
L. VITANOVA P. KUPENOVA E. POPOVA L. MITOVA 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》1997,159(3):227-235
The aim of the present work was to investigate the role of GABA and glycine, the two main inhibitory neurotransmitters in the retina, in the spectral sensitivity coding under conditions of light adaptation. To study this question, spectral sensitivity curves, based on the turtle ERG responses to stimuli of different wavelengths, were constructed. The spectral sensitivity curves, obtained before and during treatment with picrotoxin (PT), a GABAA antagonist, or with strychnine (ST), a glycine antagonist, were compared. Both PT and ST increased the b- and d-wave absolute sensitivity in a wavelength-dependent manner. PT significantly changed the shape of the b- and d-wave spectral sensitivity curves and the latter lost their peaks. It is concluded that, under conditions of light adaptation, GABA and glycine took part in the formation of the b- and d-wave spectral sensitivity curves, that both of them exerted an effect on the gain and that, furthermore, GABA had a well pronounced effect on the tuning of the spectral sensitivity curves. 相似文献
5.
This article reviews recent studies on the importance of glycine receptors for both the spontaneous and the reflex respiratory modulation of the laryngeal abductors and adductors. Our findings show that strychnine blockade of glycine receptors within the brainstem changes the eupneic three-phase respiratory pattern into two phases. This has major implications for glottal control: (i) the inspiratory glottic abduction and early expiratory adduction were both compromised--a finding mimicked by 5% hypoxia; (ii) closure of the glottis during defensive upper airway reflexes became intermittent and the reflex apnoea reversed to sustained inspiratory discharge. Based on these data, we predict that periods of prolonged hypoxia, such as those that occur during sleep apnoeas, will constrain inspiratory glottic abduction thereby impeding inhalation. 相似文献
6.
薄层扫描法测定金龙祛痹丸中士的宁的含量 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
目的:马钱子粉系金龙祛痹丸中具毒怀的中药,为确保本品的安全有效,须建立其含量测定方法。方法:采用薄层扫描法测定金龙祛痹丸中士的宁的含量。以甲苯-丙酮-乙醇-浓氨试液为展开剂;单波长反射法锯齿扫描,测定波长为254nm。结果:通过方法学考察,点样量在0.535-3.210μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.1%。结论:试验表明,方法可靠,数据准确,操作简便、 行。 相似文献
7.
RP-HPLC测定风湿安泰片中士的宁的含量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:建立风湿安泰片中土的宁的含革测定方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC),以80%乙腈-0.01mol&;#183;L^-1。辛烷磺酸钠与0.02mol&;#183;L^-1磷酸:氢钾等量混合溶液(用10%磷酸调节pH值2.8)(25:75)为流动相,流速为1.0mL&;#183;min^-1,检测波长为254nm,柱温:30℃。结果:上的宁理论板数大于5000,在0.262~1.312μg范围内呈良好的线件关系,甲均加样回收率为98.10%,RSD为1.15%。结论:RP-HPLC测定风湿安泰片中土的宁含量,方法快速,结果准确,操作简便,可用于风湿安泰片产品质量研究。 相似文献
8.
目的:对龙马腰痛胶囊组方中制川乌、制马钱子毒性成分的含量进行测定,为修订该制剂标准提供依据.方法:采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对龙马腰痛胶囊中所含双酯型生物碱、士的宁和马钱子碱进行含量测定并确定其限度.结果:龙马腰痛胶囊每粒含双酯型生物碱总量≤0.15 mg,士的宁含量为0.886~2.75 mg,马钱子碱含量为0.... 相似文献
9.
10.
Opong-Mensah K Woller TW Obaseki AO Porter WR 《Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis》1984,2(3-4):381-394
Equations have been developed that relate the concentration (or a parameter directly proportional to concentration, such as optical absorbance) of a weakly ionizable solute in a water-immiscible phase, in equilibrium with an aqueous phase, to the pH of the aqueous phase, the partition coefficient of the unionized solute and the phase volume ratio. These relationships have been used in the design of experimental methods for determining partition coefficients, which require measurement of solute concentration in only one phase. Data obtained in this way permit ready recognition of deviations from assumptions made in the development of the model; these assumptions include insolubility of the ionized solute in the water-immiscible phase and lack of interaction between buffer components and solute. Conditions for optimal liquid—liquid extraction of weakly ionizable solutes are more easily recognized. With these techniques, the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant (pK′a) and the logarithm of the octanol—water partition coefficient (log P) have been measured for warfarin (pK′a = 5.15 ± 0.04; log P = 2.82 ± 0.06), strychnine (pK′a = 8.29 ± 0.02; log P = 2.23 ± 0.04), phenol (pK′a = 9.88 ± 0.02; log P = 1.75 ± 0.05), procaine (pK′a = 8.11 ± 0.04; log P = 1.10 ± 0.08), and ephedrine (pK′a = 9.92 ± 0.01; log P = 1.65 ± 0.04) at 21°C. 相似文献