《中医方剂大辞典》中含栀子方剂用药规律分析

栀子为药食两用的物品,不仅在中医临床中经常使用,在食品与保健食品中也应用广泛。《中医方剂大辞典》是中医方剂的集大成者,为方剂与中药的开发研究提供了良好素材。该文基于中医传承辅助平台(TCMISS),分析《中医方剂大辞典》中含栀子方剂组方规律,为栀子的临床应用及深度研发提供参考。应用TCMISS将含栀子方剂构建数据库,使用该软件的频次统计、关联规则等数据处理方法,分析含栀子方剂中的常用药物、组合规律、核心组合。共纳入方剂3 523首,涉及中药1 725味,设支持度352(10%)、置信度90%,共得到在含栀子方剂中出现频次较高的药物组合57对,核心组合用药较为集中,组方法度清晰;主治疾病18种。其中,栀子常与清热解毒、祛风解表、活血行气、活血化瘀之品联用,主以黄疸、伤寒、头痛等为治疗病症。     

Explore the Application Law of Disperse Stagnation and Purge Heat with Bitter-Acrid Medicinals in Treating Endogenous Cough

内伤咳嗽以肺失宣肃、肺气上逆为基本病机。“苦辛通降助肺法”即借助药物气味的升降作用以使肺气宣降复常的治法，用于治疗内伤咳嗽可通过苦辛配伍来助肺宣降、调节气机。张之文教授为全国温病学泰斗，提出以“苦辛通降助肺法”治疗内伤咳嗽，临床效果显著。本研究以张老医案为基础，通过数据挖掘来管窥“苦辛通降助肺法”治疗内伤咳嗽的应用规律，为内伤咳嗽的治疗提供新的思路和方法。     

基于数据挖掘探析然谷主治优势病症和配伍规律

目的:探析然谷主治优势病症及配伍规律。方法:以1949年10月为时间分割点进行文献检索。1949年10月前的文献主要通过《中华医典》(第五版)、《中国近代中医药期刊汇编》检索,1949年10月后的文献从中国知网、万方数据库、维普期刊资源数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、Pub Med、Web of Science中检索,根据纳入、排除标准筛选文献,建立SQL Server数据库,利用Gephi软件构建复杂网络模型,SPSS Modeler进行关联规则分析。结果:1949年10月前,然谷单穴、配伍主治优势病症分别为26种、28种,最优势病症为脐风和胸痹,常配伍太溪、肾俞、涌泉、行间、足三里;1949年10月后,然谷单穴、配伍主治优势病症分别为2种、12种,最优势病症为跟痛症,常配伍太溪、三阴交、关元、足三里、太冲、涌泉。结论:在主治病症方面,然谷古今均以治疗局部病症、本经病症及相关脏腑病症为主,1949年10月后主治病症减少,种类明显细化并有所侧重,突出表现在妇科、泌尿生殖科及疼痛科;在优势腧穴配伍方面,体现了本经配穴、表里经配穴和荥输配穴等方法,多配伍特定穴如五输穴、原穴和背俞穴,194...     

Typical viewpoints of objects are better detected than atypical ones

Previous work has claimed that canonical viewpoints of objects are more readily perceived than noncanonical viewpoints. However, all of these studies required participants to identify the object, a late perceptual process at best and arguably a cognitive process (Pylyshyn, 1999). Here, we extend this work to early vision by removing the explicit need to identify the objects. In particular, we asked participants to make an intact/scrambled discrimination of briefly presented objects that were viewed from either typical or atypical viewpoints. Notably, participants did not have to identify the object; only discriminate it from noise (scrambled). Participants were more sensitive in discriminating objects presented in typically encountered orientations than when objects were presented in atypical depth rotations (Experiment 1). However, the same effect for objects presented in atypical picture plane rotations (as opposed to typical ones) did not reach statistical significance (Experiments 2 and 3), suggesting that particular informative views may play a critical role in this effect. We interpret this enhanced perceptibility, for both these items and good exemplars and probable scenes, as deriving from their high real-world statistical regularity.     

Mealtime Regularity Is Associated with Dietary Balance among Preschool Children in Japan—A Study of Lifestyle Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The novel coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has considerably impacted children’s lives. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pandemic affected mealtime regularity among preschool children and whether maintaining regular mealtimes or changes in mealtime regularity during the pandemic were related to dietary balance, including chronological relationships. This online cross-sectional survey involving individuals registered with a company that provides meals to children aged 2−6 years was conducted in February 2021. Using a 40-point scale, a healthy diet score (HDS) was developed to evaluate children’s dietary balance. The participants were divided into four groups based on their responses, and multiple regression analyses were performed with the HDS as the dependent variable. Maintaining regular mealtimes was associated with practices such as waking and going to bed earlier, less snacking, and eating breakfast every day. Even after adjusting for basic attributes, lifestyle habits, household circumstances, and other factors, regular mealtimes were still positively correlated with the HDS. These findings indicate that maintaining regular mealtimes is associated with higher HDS scores and better lifestyle habits. Furthermore, as the changed HDS was higher in the group whose mealtimes became regular during the pandemic, adopting regular mealtimes may lead to a more balanced diet.     

桂枝汤药物规律性组合及其类方系统结合病机理论探讨“证”内涵(二)

用文献和数据挖掘的方法和方药——病机——证的逆向思维,从桂枝汤的药物规律性组合及其类方系统与证机相关性来探讨"证"的内涵。得出"证"内涵具有如下特性:功能关系性、整体关联性、动态时空性、模型性、多维意象性。     

中医抗肝纤维化组方规律的文献研究

目的研究中医抗肝纤维化组方用药规律。方法检索中国期刊网(CNKI)1990年1月至2010年1月中医药防治肝纤维化研究的文献,统计药物的使用频次和频率,分析总结规律。结果共选取符合标准的文献80篇,其中临床研究44篇,动物实验研究36篇,所用中药共136味。临床研究文献中抗肝纤维化使用频率最高的前两类药是补虚药(27.76%)和活血化瘀药(23.62%),使用频率在1%以上的药物依次为活血化瘀药8味,补虚药7味,清热药3味,利水渗湿药2味,解表药、泻下药、止血药、消食药、理气药各1味;实验研究文献中抗肝纤维化使用频率最高的前两类药是补虚药(30.54%)和活血化瘀药(26.60%),使用频率在1%以上的药物依次为活血化瘀药7味,补虚药8味,清热药3味,利水渗湿药2味,解表药、泻下药各1味。结论补虚药和活血化瘀药是抗肝纤维化组方的基本构成要素,清热药、利水渗湿药、解表药、泻下药、止血药、消食药、理气药是主要配伍形式。     

基于Apriori算法与网络药理学的藏医治疗肝胆疾病用药规律及机制分析＊

目的 挖掘藏医治疗肝胆疾病的用药规律，寻找核心药组，并预测核心药组的潜在靶点，以探讨核心药组治疗肝胆疾病的作用机制。方法 收集藏医药典籍中治疗肝胆疾病处方，采用SPSS软件进行Apriori算法关联规则分析得到藏医治疗肝胆疾病的核心药组。检索中药系统药理学分析平台（TCMSP）、Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）、Genecards、Metascape等数据库进行基因本体（GO）和KEGG富集分析。结果 共纳入607首方剂，数据挖掘得到藏医治疗肝胆疾病的核心药组为蒂达-洪连-波棱瓜子。收集到核心药组56个活性成分，作用于47个关键靶点，预测出1194条生物过程、49个细胞组成、54个分子功能以及226条信号通路。结论 藏医在治疗肝胆疾病中主要以“清赤巴热”为核心，所使用方剂中的药物多以苦味为主；核心药组治疗肝胆疾病可能是通过缓解体内氧化应激、降低炎症表达以及调节胆汁酸肝肠循环等作用机制。     

人参白虎汤配伍规律研究——不同配伍条件下钙离子含量变化

目的 通过研究不同配伍条件下钙离子含量变化，探讨人参白虎汤配伍规律。方法 采用直接滴定法测定人参白虎汤中各单味药物及不同配伍组别和全方中钙离子含量。结果 单味药物中，仅石膏和炙甘草中含有钙离子；当石膏与其他药物配伍合煎后，钙离子含量提高；在保持原方配伍比例条件下，全方中的钙离子含量高于其他配伍组别。结论 石膏与其他药物配伍合用后，钙离子含量提高。     

栀子卷叶螟的发生规律及防治研究

目的:通过对栀子卷叶螟Archernius tropicalis的发生规律及防治研究,为防治提供依据。方法:定点观察和药效试验。结果:该虫在湖北省孝感地区一年发生四代。世代重叠,以幼虫在枯叶中结薄茧越冬,翌年3月恢复取食,4月上旬开始化蛹,4月中、下旬羽化产卵,至6月中旬第一代幼虫发生为害,7月上、中旬至8月中旬为第二代幼虫盛发期,第三代幼虫则于9月上、中旬出现危害至11月上、中旬,第四代幼虫于11月下旬陆续结薄茧进入越冬休眠。选用市售5种药剂试验的结果,只要使用有效浓度在防治适期施药,均能获得90%以上的防治效果。结论:结合栀子卷叶螟的发生规律在其各代幼虫为害期喷施本试验选用的市售5种药剂均能有效防治栀子卷叶螟。