基于最大熵模型和地理信息系统的苍术生态适宜性及品质区划

目的：对全国范围内的野生苍术进行生态适宜性和品质区划,为苍术的栽培选址和优质生产提供科学指导。方法：采用文献搜集的方法收集近30年与苍术分布和挥发油含量相关的研究数据,用最大熵模型（MaxEnt）和地理信息系统（GIS）对野生苍术生态适宜性进行区划,并对苍术的适宜种植区和品质形成区进行预测。结果：1）野生苍术最适宜分布区主要集中在燕山山脉、太行山脉、陕北高原南部、秦岭山脉、伏牛山区、大巴山区、桐柏山区、大别山区、茅山周边及黄山周边地区;2）合格野生苍术（苍术素含量>0.30%）最适宜分布区集中在湖北省中部的大洪山、河南省与湖北省交界处的桐柏山和大别山区、安徽省中部的张八岭和江苏省南部的茅山山区至上海的大部分地区,其中大别山区的野生苍术品质差异较大。结论：MaxEnt和GIS对野生苍术生态适宜性分布区预测结果可靠有效。生态环境因子并不是影响苍术品质形成的唯一决定因素,生产合格苍术药材需要有优良的种质资源,以及合适的生态种植环境,如林下、林缘或田间作物套种等。     

河北省燕山及太行山山脉黄芩生态适宜性区划研究

目的:研究黄芩在河北省燕山及太行山山脉生态适宜性区划。方法:通过第四次全国中药资源普查等方式获取黄芩分布位点信息,利用地理信息系统技术和最大信息熵模型分析其分布区的主导生态因子、数值和权重,得出黄芩药材在河北省的生态适宜生长区。结果:研究表明,海拔、坡度、最暖季降水量、最湿月降水量、年均温、土壤类型、植被类型7项环境因子是影响黄芩分布的主要生态因子;黄芩在河北省的生态适宜生长区主要分布在承德、张家口、保定等地的燕山及太行山山脉区域。结论:可在太行山山脉的承德市、张家口市、保定市,燕山山脉的秦皇岛市引种栽培黄芩。     

道地产区当归药材品质区域划分

目的:进行当归药材的品质区划研究,指导当归的合理栽培。方法:通过走访和实地调查,从定西市5个县857个样地,采集当归样品857份,使用全球定位系统(GPS)获取采样点信息,超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)测定当归药材8个指标成分含量,结合全国生态因子数据,利用最大熵模型(MaxEnt),SPSS软件,ArcGIS软件进行当归品质适宜性分析。结果:当归的分布适宜区集中在定西市中部及南部,在适宜区范围内阿魏酸、阿魏酸松柏酯、洋川芎内酯H含量由南向北递减;绿原酸含量由北向南递减;洋川芎内酯A,洋川芎内酯I含量由东向西递减;丁烯基苯酞含量规律性不强,含量最高区域在岷县西部、渭源县清源镇、上湾乡、会川镇;藁本内酯在适宜区范围内含量一致性高,含量最高区域在渭源县中部及通渭县北部地区。岷县、漳县、渭源县南部、通渭县北部地区当归药材指标成分含量高,综合品质好。结论:该研究对定西市当归药材品质适宜性进行了等级划分,生成了各指标成分及当归综合品质适宜性区划图,研究结果可为当归药材的综合利用,正确选建优质当归原料基地,科学指导当归药材生产与区域开发提供参考依据。     

广西青蒿种植气候适宜性等级区划研究

目的：分析广西气候条件下青蒿中青蒿素含量变化的主要影响因子，以确定青蒿最佳种植区域。方法：测定广西各地青蒿中青蒿素含量和各地环境信息，并进行相关和逐步回归分析，用GIS进行地理空间分析和区划。结果和结论：温度和日照对青蒿素含量的影响最大，降雨量次之，湿度对青蒿素含量的影响较小，风速对青蒿素含量的影响不明显。此外，苗期和花期的气候因子对青蒿素含量的影响最大，其中花期时，日照时相对较短、温度相对较低、降雨量较小的区域内青蒿中青蒿素含量较高。桂东北和桂西南丘陵、山地海拔较高的区域最适宜种植青蒿；而桂中和桂东南平原地区则不适宜种植青蒿；平原向山地的过渡地带亦是青蒿人工种植的适宜区域。     

Differential responses of HSPs to heat stress in slow and fast regions of rat gastrocnemius muscle

In a recent study, we showed that the rat slow soleus and fast plantaris muscles exhibited different time courses for the response of specific heat shock proteins (HSPs) after 1 h of heat stress. We hypothesized that these differential responses were related, in part, to the varying fiber type composition of these muscles. To further test this hypothesis, we now have determined the responses of Hsp60, Hsp72, and Hsc73 during the 60 h following exposure to a single bout of heat stress in the deep (relatively high percentage of slow fibers) and superficial regions (only fast fibers) of the adult rat gastrocnemius muscle. The temperature of the musculature in the left hindlimb was elevated to approximately 42 degrees C for 1 h, while the right hindlimb served as a control. Two hours after the heat stress, the Hsp60 levels were increased by 1.3- and 2.0-fold in the deep and superficial regions, respectively. The Hsp72 levels were increased (1.8-fold) in the deep region at 8 h after heat stress, whereas in the superficial region these levels were increased between 4 and 48 h (peak at 36 h by 10-fold) after the heat stress. No changes were observed for Hsc73 in either region of the muscle. Combined with our previous data, the results indicate that the responses of HSPs in the rat hindlimb muscles after a single exposure to heat stress are related to fiber type composition of the muscle or muscle region or to the inherent properties of each HSP. From a clinical viewpoint, these data indicate that specific regions (most likely based on fiber type composition) within a muscle may be affected differentially by any intervention inducing HSPs.     

应用模糊数学方法进行黄连引种适栽区划的研究

本文应用模糊数学方法,选择与黄连生物学特性有较大关系的气候生态因子,对我国黄连引种栽培提出适栽区划,以减少黄连等药用植物的盲目引种。     

Sensitivity analyses for average treatment effects when outcome is censored by death in instrumental variable models

Two problems that arise in making causal inferences for nonmortality outcomes such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are unmeasured confounding and censoring by death, ie, the outcome is observed only when subjects survive. In randomized experiments with noncompliance and no censoring by death, instrumental variable (IV) methods can be used to control for the unmeasured confounding. But, when there is censoring by death, the average causal treatment effect cannot be identified under usual assumptions but can be studied for a specific subpopulation by using sensitivity analysis with additional assumptions. However, evaluating the local average treatment effect (LATE) in observational studies with censoring by death problems while controlling for unmeasured confounding is not well studied. We develop a novel sensitivity analysis method based on IV models for studying the LATE. Specifically, we present the identification results under an additional assumption and propose a three-step procedure for the LATE estimation. Also, we propose an improved two-step procedure by simultaneously estimating the instrument propensity score (ie, the probability of instrument given covariates) and the parameters induced by the assumption. We show with simulation studies that the two-step procedure can be more robust and efficient than the three-step procedure. Finally, we apply our sensitivity analysis methods to a study on the effect of delivery at high-level neonatal intensive care units on the risk of BPD.     

基于TCMGIS的建泽泻产地适宜性分析

目的 为福建泽泻的科学区划及种植提供产地适宜性分析. 方法选取海拔、土壤、降水量、日照、相对湿度等关键生态因子,应用中药材产地适宜性分析地理信息系统(TCMGIS)进行分析. 结果影响福建泽泻种植的生态因素很多,现产地以建瓯市、建阳市、同安县为主. 结论南平、漳州、三明、龙岩地区适宜大面积推广种植泽泻.