抗凝清脂口服液的薄层色谱分析方法

目的控制抗凝清脂口服液的质量。方法用薄层色谱法鉴别制剂中党参、丹酚酸B。结果供试品溶液色谱中,在与党参对照药材溶液、丹酚酸B对照品溶液色谱相应位置上显相同颜色的斑点。结论薄层色谱法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于控制抗凝清脂口服液的质量。     

丹酚酸B对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨丹酚酸B对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)大鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响及对NASH的治疗作用。方法清洁级雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为对照组、NASH模型组、丹酚酸B治疗组,每组20只。对照组以普通饲料喂养,其余2组以高脂饲料连续喂养12周复制NASH模型。第13周开始治疗组每天以浓度为1 mg/ml的丹酚酸B溶液20 ml/kg灌胃,模型组以20 ml/kg蒸馏水灌胃。治疗12周后,处死大鼠,取血及肝组织,计算肝指数,检测血清ALT、AST、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC),观察肝组织病理学变化,免疫组织化学法检测肝组织细胞色素C(Cyt C)、caspase-3蛋白的表达,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测肝组织p53、Bax、Bcl-2 mRNA的表达。结果模型组大鼠肝指数、ALT、AST、TG、TC较对照组增高,肝组织炎症明显;Cyt C及caspase-3蛋白表达增加(P值均0.01);Bcl-2 mRNA表达降低,p53、Bax mRNA表达增高(P值均0.01)。治疗组与模型组相比肝指数、ALT、AST、TG、TC降低,炎症减轻;Cyt C及caspase-3蛋白表达减少(P值均0.01);Bcl-2 mRNA表达升高(P0.05),p53 mRNA表达降低(P0.05),Bax mRNA表达降低(P0.01)。结论丹酚酸B可通过调节Bcl-2、p53、Bax mRNA表达,降低Cyt C及caspase-3蛋白的表达,抑制肝细胞凋亡,对NASH起治疗作用。     

五味子酚对氧自由基引起大鼠脑突触体和线粒体损伤的保护作用

以Fe²⁺-半胱氨酸(Cys)为氧自由基生成系统,在体外模仿脑出血或脑外伤引起的氧自由基损伤的模型,观察五味子酚是否对Fe²⁺-Cys引起的大鼠脑突触体和线粒体损伤有保护作用,以探讨Sal用于延缓衰老、防治某些神经系统疾病的可能性。结果显示,与Fe²⁺-Cys共温孵可使脑突触体和线粒体MDA生成量显著增加,线粒体ATPase活性下降。而预先加入Sal(10^{-6mol·L-1)可抑制MDA生成,防止线粒体ATPase活性降低。Sal对Fe2+-Cys引起的线粒体肿胀和膜流动性降低也有明显的保护作用,并能防止Fe2+-Cys所致线粒体和突触体形态的病理性损伤。结果提示,Sal对氧自由基引起的大鼠脑突触体和线粒体损伤有明显保护作用。}     

Diverse behavioral, monoaminergic and Fos protein responses to opioids in Warsaw high-alcohol preferring and Warsaw low-alcohol preferring rats

Predisposition to addictions is presumably related to a dysfunction of the brain reward system, which can be ‘compensated’ by the intake of different psychoactive drugs. Hence, animals showing propensity for developing dependence to a specific drug class may also be useful for modeling other addictions. We compared the effects of repeated (14 daily doses) morphine (10 mg/kg) or methadone (2 mg/kg) treatment followed by a 2-week withdrawal and a morphine challenge (5 mg/kg) on locomotor activity, brain Fos expression and selected brain regional levels of dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites in the 38th generations of selectively bred Warsaw low-alcohol-preferring (WLP) and Warsaw high-alcohol-preferring (WHP) rat lines. The rats were given the opioids during the active (i.e. dark) phase of their daily cycle. Drug-naïve WHP rats compared to their WLP counterparts showed higher locomotor activity in an open field test and higher propensity for lasting behavioral sensitization to morphine. Morphine did not significantly enhance, but suppressed Fos expression in certain brain regions of drug-naïve WLP and WHP rats. Fos expression revealed considerable differences in the responses of WLP and WHP rats to morphine challenge, particularly after methadone pretreatment. These differences were associated with differences in monoamine metabolite levels that were suggestive of elevated basal ganglia and lowered frontal cortical dopamine function, and of lowered somatosensory cortex serotonin function, in the morphine-challenged WHP rats (irrespective of the pretreatment type). Hence, the WLP/WHP line pair may be useful for the search of factors that underlie the propensity for developing opiate dependence.     

总丹酚酸对小鼠和大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：观察总丹酚酸（Sal)对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：采用小鼠和大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型。结果：在小鼠和大鼠全脑缺血再灌注模型上,Sal10,20mg/kg iv及Sal5,10mg/kgiv可显著提高脑组织乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,明显降低丙二醛（MDA）含量。在大鼠局灶性脑缺血2h再灌注24h模型上,Sal5,10mg/kgiv可明显缩小梗死灶面积,改善神经功能缺损,并显著抑制缺血脑组织中LDH和SOD活性降低,减少MDA的地量产生。结论：Sal对小鼠和大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有显著保护作用,其机制与其抗氧自由基作用有关。     

Evidence of anti-inflammatory effects of Passiflora edulis in an inflammation model

The popular medicine Passiflora edulis has been used as a sedative, tranquilizer, against cutaneous inflammatory diseases and intermittent fever. Most of the pharmacological investigations of Passiflora edulis have been addressed to its Central Nervous System activities, such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and sedative actions. Otherwise, there are few reports about the anti-inflammatory activity of the Passiflora species. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous lyophilized extract obtained from leaves of Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Degener (Passifloraceae) in the mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan (Cg), bradykinin, histamine or substance P, observing the effects upon leucocytes migration, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) levels. RESULTS: Passiflora edulis (250mg/kg) administered by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) inhibited the leukocyte, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, TNFalpha and IL-1beta levels (P<0.01) in the pleurisy induced by carrageenan. Passiflora edulis (250-500mg/kg, i.p.) also inhibited total and differential leukocytes in the pleurisy induced by bradykinin, histamine or substance P (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Several mechanisms, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta), enzyme (myeloperoxidase) and mediators (bradykinin, histamine, substance P, nitric oxide) release and/or action, appear to account for Passiflora edulis's actions.     

丹酚酸B对MC3T3-E1细胞Dkk1 mRNA表达的影响

目的:观察丹酚酸B对MC3T3-E1细胞Dkk1mRNA表达的影响。方法:MC3T3-E1细胞分组:正常对照组、成骨诱导组、地塞米松1×10-6 mol·L-1组、地塞米松1×10-6 mol·L-1+丹酚酸B1×10-7 mol·L-1组、地塞米松1×10-6 mol·L-1+Dkk1抗体100μg·L-1组、丹酚酸B1×10-7 mol·L-1组、Dkk1抗体100μg·L-1组。加药7 d后用RT-PCR法检测细胞Dkk1mRNA表达水平。结果:与正常组相比,成骨诱导后Dkk1的表达增多,地塞米松组的Dkk1表达明显增多,丹酚酸B组Dkk1的表达减少,Dkk1抗体单用未见Dkk1的表达。与地塞米松组相比,丹酚酸B单用Dkk1的表达比地塞米松组少。丹酚酸B、Dkk1抗体可对抗地塞米松应用后引起的Dkk1表达增多。结论:丹酚酸B可以减少Dkk1的表达和对抗地塞米松使用后引起的Dkk1表达增多,这可能是其促骨形成的机制之一。     

丹酚酸B对离体培养内皮祖细胞VEGF、bFGF mRNA表达及抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的 探讨中药单体丹酚酸B对离体培养内皮祖细胞(EPCs)细胞因子mRNA表达及抗氧化酶活性的影响.方法 密度梯度离心法和贴壁筛选法培养、纯化EPCs,免疫细胞化学法鉴定.选择丹酚酸B最佳药物浓度干预的EPCs,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测细胞VEGF,bFGF mRNA表达,测定细胞培养液抗氧化酶SOD,GSH-Px的活性.结果 丹酚酸B组VEGF,bFGF mRNA的表达量增加,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).丹酚酸B组细胞培养液中SOD活性增强,与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);GSH-Px活性有增强趋势,但与对照组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 丹酚酸B对EPCs具有保护作用,增强其细胞功能的部分机制与其增强分泌细胞因子VEGF和bFGF mRNA的表达,并且促进细胞释放SOD、GSH-Px,清除自由基能力增强有关.     

丹酚酸B及其活性代谢产物在大鼠体内药动学研究

目的建立了灵敏快速的同时测定大鼠血浆中丹酚酸B及其主要代谢产物丹参素的LC-MS/MS方法。方法以氯霉素为内标,用醋酸乙酯萃取,色谱柱为Symmetry C18柱,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.5%甲酸(55︰5︰40),体积流量为0.4 mL/min。选用电喷雾电离(ESI)三重四极杆串联质谱仪,在负离子模式下以选择反应监测(SRM)方式进行检测,用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z 717→519(丹酚酸B)、m/z 197→135(丹参素)和m/z 321→152(氯霉素)。结果在该测定条件下丹酚酸B、丹参素和内标物的保留时间分别为3.12、2.60、3.98 min。丹酚酸B的线性范围为10～5 000 ng/mL,r>0.995;丹参素的线性范围为5～5 000 ng/mL,r>0.995,丹酚酸B和丹参素定量限分别为10、5 ng/mL。批内、批间精密度(RSD)均小于12.6%。大鼠ig给予丹酚酸B后,迅速吸收并逐渐转化成丹参素,丹酚酸B和丹参素的Cmax分别为(1.21±0.31)、(0.27±0.05)μg/mL,tmax分别为(0.50±0.00)、(0.56±0.18)h,t1/2分别为(1.20±0.11)、(1.57±0.16)h,AUC0～t分别为(1.31±0.30)、(0.39±0.05)μg.mL?1.h。结论本方法可用于大鼠ig丹酚酸B后的血浆中丹酚酸B及其代谢产物丹参素药动学研究。     

Immunochemical characterization of Russian thistle (Salsola kali) pollen extracts. Purification of the allergen Sal k 1

BACKGROUND: Salsola kali (Russian thistle) is a weed which belongs to the Chaenopodiacea family. It is widely distributed along the coasts of Europe, North Africa, USA and Australia. The objectives of this study were to study the allergenic composition of S. kali pollen and to purify an important allergen from the pollen extracts of this plant. METHODS: A population of 66 individuals with specific IgE-mediated allergic symptoms and positive skin tests to S. kali were included in the study. Specific IgE to S. kali was determined by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antigenic and allergenic profile of S. kali was evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isoelectric focussing (IEF) and immunoblot. Allergen purification was conducted by preparative SDS-PAGE. The allergenicity of the protein was evaluated by skin testing, direct ELISA, ELISA inhibition and immunoblots. RESULTS: Specific IgE to S. kali was detected in 39 of the 66 individuals (59%). An allergen with a molecular weight of approximately 43 kDa was purified. This allergen was termed Sal k 1. A partial sequencing was obtained and no homology was found with other known proteins/allergens. The allergenicity of Sal k 1 was tested in vitro and in vivo. Of the 39 individuals with a positive specific IgE determination to S. kali, 26 (66.6%) had detectable specific IgE to Sal k 1. Twenty of these 39 individuals were skin-prick tested with the purified allergen (0.5 mg/ml) and all of them had a positive skin test to the purified allergen. Ten additional individuals, used as negative controls, had a negative response. CONCLUSIONS: Sal k 1, an important allergen of S. kali, is recognized, in vitro, by approximately 67% of the patients sensitized to S. kali. Twenty patients with a positive skin test to a standardized S. kali extract had a positive reaction to the purified allergen.