善宁治疗顽固性大咯血疗效观察

目的 评价善宁对顽固性大咯血的疗效。方法 将55例传统药物抢救无效或有禁忌的大咯血分为治疗组（善宁）与对照组（立止血组），观察24—72h的止血效果。结果 治疗组总有效率为92％，对照组为70％，两组比较有显著差异p〈0．05（x^2=4．125）。结论 善宁治疗大咯血疗效显著，使用安全，不良反应少，值得临床推广应用。     

13例隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤病理特点观察及文献复习

目的：探讨隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤（dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans,DFSP）病理形态学特点、鉴别诊断及组织来源和预后.掌握DFSP的临床病理特点,避免与其他皮肤梭形细胞肿瘤混淆.方法：分析观察13例皮肤隆突性纤维肉瘤的临床资料病理学形态特征、免疫组化结果,结合文献并对照其免疫表型讨论肿瘤的来源和鉴别诊断,使用抗体为CD34、Vimentin、SMA、S-100,采用S-P法.结果：DFSP的类型多样,组织学图像虽各具特点,但突出的病理特征是真皮层中大量梭形细胞聚集呈车辐状或席纹状经典结构,瘤组织常浸润皮下脂肪组织内形成蜂窝状结构.分子标记为：本瘤细胞对波形蛋白（Vimentin）呈强而弥漫性的阳性反应;CD34一般呈强而弥漫性的阳性反应,文献报道阳性率为72～92％[1,2].溶菌酶（Lysozyme）呈局灶性阳性反应;平滑肌肌动蛋白（SMA）在DFSP的表达阳性率为50～95％,但是其表达常不稳定并且常呈局灶性[3-5].结论：DFSP好发于青壮年,男性稍多于女性,病变部位主要是躯干和四肢近侧端的真皮组织,也可发生于头颈部,易局部复发,也常被称为恶性潜能未定的潜在低度恶性肿瘤.极少发生转移,因此不是真正的恶性肿瘤[6,7].     

电鍉针治疗失眠症的疗效观察

目的:观察电鍉针治疗失眠症的临床疗效,并初步探讨电鍉针治疗的优越性。方法:将50例失眠症患者随机分成治疗组(25)和对照组(25例)。治疗组采用电鍉针治疗,对照组常规服用舒乐安定片剂。结果:各组失眠症患者PSQI总分、睡眠进程、睡眠结构治疗后均较治疗前有所改善(P0.05),3项指标治疗后组间比较均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:电鍉针能有效治疗和改善失眠症。     

Clinically-driven approach to improve arthroscopic techniques

In this paper, a clinically-driven approach is introduced as the starting point for the improvement of arthroscopic techniques. The approach was divided into two phases. Phase 1 consisted of a combination of observations and discussions that resulted in the definition of clinically-relevant research topics. Phase 2 consisted of an interview which aimed at analysis of the general opinion on arthroscopy, and which assigned a priority ranking to the topics. Six research topics were defined. Based on the information collected, the conclusion is that the surgeons are satisfied with current arthroscopic techniques. A majority gives priority to the optimization of cartilage treatment and to the design of a steerable arthroscopic cutter. A minority gives priority to the expansion of arthroscopic techniques. The two-phase approach was fruitful in terms of establishing clinical problem areas, and of involving surgeons in the technical improvement of arthroscopic techniques.     

Interactions between family members and staff in intensive care units--an observation and interview study

BACKGROUND: Research about interactions between family members and staff are sparse, although family members' needs and experiences in intensive care units are well researched areas. AIM: The aim was to describe and interpret interactions between family members and staff in intensive care units. METHODS: Interviews (n=24) with family members and repeated observations of interactions of family members and staff in intensive care units were performed and analysed together by means of content analysis. RESULTS: The initial interactions between staff and family members had a substantial effect on family members and influenced their further interactions with the staff. Two kinds of interactions were revealed; mutual understanding and mutual misunderstanding. Family members, who understood the explicit information and the implicit messages were open in communication with the staff, adjusted well to the system, were acknowledged by the staff and sometimes consoled. Family members, who had difficulties understanding information and implicit messages drew back from communication with staff, did not adjust to the system and were sometimes insulted by the staff. CONCLUSIONS: Unambiguous information from the staff is important for developing interactions of mutual understanding. The results may be a starting point for intensive care unit staff to reflect on how all family members are initially met and further informed and treated. Further research of family members' experiences of interactions with staff in a longitudinal perspective and the influence of critical illness on families are needed.     

Pastime in a pub: observations of young adults' activities and alcohol consumption

Alcohol consumption typically takes place in a time-out situation, which can be spent by engaging in several leisure time activities. Usually, conversation is the dominant pastime in a bar, but this may take place during other activities, like watching TV or playing games. These activities may inhibit drinking because of the physical difficulties of drinking and being active at the same time. Findings of an observational study on drinking in young adults (N=238) in a bar lab will be discussed. In the present study, we followed the ad-lib drinking of peer groups (7-9 persons) during 1-h periods. The results suggest that (1) selection of activities is not related to initial drinking level or personality characteristics; (2) active pastime is related to slower drinking than passive pastime (in males); (3) male problem drinkers appear to compensate for the "lost" amount of drinking after an active phase; and (4) involvement in active pastime is not related to total alcohol consumption. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

黑龙江省药品生产企业GMP认证缺陷项目分析

目的：：了解黑龙江省药品生产企业新版GMP认证现场检查缺陷项目情况,分析企业实施新版GMP存在的共性问题,提出加快推进本省药品生产企业实施新版GMP的对策和建议。方法：对黑龙江省2012年～2014年认证的94家药品生产企业缺陷项进行汇总,对高频缺陷进行分析,对主要问题进行总结、分类、归纳。结论：应加大培训力度,建立专职检查员队伍,软硬件并重,确保新版GMP得到正确贯彻实施。     

Using design science and artificial intelligence to improve health communication: ChronologyMD case example

Objective

This paper describes how design science theory and methods and use of artificial intelligence (AI) components can improve the effectiveness of health communication.

Methods

We identified key weaknesses of traditional health communication and features of more successful eHealth/AI communication. We examined characteristics of the design science paradigm and the value of its user-centered methods to develop eHealth/AI communication. We analyzed a case example of the participatory design of AI components in the ChronologyMD project intended to improve management of Crohn's disease.

Results

eHealth/AI communication created with user-centered design shows improved relevance to users’ needs for personalized, timely and interactive communication and is associated with better health outcomes than traditional approaches. Participatory design was essential to develop ChronologyMD system architecture and software applications that benefitted patients.

Conclusion

AI components can greatly improve eHealth/AI communication, if designed with the intended audiences. Design science theory and its iterative, participatory methods linked with traditional health communication theory and methods can create effective AI health communication.

Practice implications

eHealth/AI communication researchers, developers and practitioners can benefit from a holistic approach that draws from theory and methods in both design sciences and also human and social sciences to create successful AI health communication.