LC-MS-MS法测定人血浆中克拉霉素含量及其在药物动力学中的应用

目的建立测定人血浆中克拉霉素的液相色谱-串联质谱法,研究市售片剂在人体的药物动力学特点.方法以罗红霉素为内标,取血浆样品0.2 mL经液-液提取后,以甲醇-水-甲酸(80:20:0.5)为流动相,用C18柱分离,采用电喷雾离子源三重四极杆串联质谱,正离子方式检测,扫描方式为选择反应监测(SRM).结果克拉霉素线性范围为10.0-5 000ng·mL-1,日内、日间精密度(RSD)均小于3.3%,准确度(RE)在±0.7%以内.应用此法研究18名健康受试者单剂量口服250 mg克拉霉素市售片的药动学参数Tmax、Cmax、T1/2和AUC0-24h值分别为3.1±2.7 h、(8 750±4734)ng·mL-1、5.3±2.2 h和(5 932±249)ng·h·mL-1.结论该法用于人体药物动力学的研究专属、快速、灵敏.     

酶解法与LC-MS-MS相结合研究灯盏乙素在健康人体内的药代动力学

目的建立β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶解法与LC-MS-MS法相结合测定人体血浆中灯盏乙素的苷元,研究健康男性单剂量口服灯盏花素分散片的药代动力学。方法血浆样品经β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶水解,甲醇蛋白沉淀,色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB C18(2.1 mm×150 mm,5μm),运用乙腈-甲醇-水洗脱,多反应监测(MRM)灯盏乙素苷元([M-H]-,m/z285.0/136.8)和内标槲皮素([M-H]-,m/z 301.1/120.8)。12名健康男性单剂量口服灯盏花素分散片120 mg后,采用该方法测定血浆中灯盏乙素苷元,使用DAS 1.0软件处理数据,计算药代动力学参数。结果灯盏乙素苷元在4.01~513.38μg·L-1范围内线性良好,日内日间精密度小于7.22%,提取回收率大于84.23%。12名健康男性单剂量口服灯盏花素分散片120 mg后,以灯盏乙素苷元为检测对象的主要药动学参数为:Cmax(μg·L-1):159.97±58.14;AUC(0-19)(μg·L-1·h):1151.37±279.80;AUC(0-∞)(μg·L-1·h):1194.13±264.51;Tmax(h):6.33±1.67;T1/2(h):2.83±0.60。结论建立的酶解与LC-MS-MS相结合分析方法准确灵敏,适用于灯盏乙素人体内的药代动力学研究。     

LC-MS-MS法测定人血浆中非布司他浓度

目的建立液质联用色谱法（LC-MS-MS）测定人血浆中非布司他（febuxostate）浓度。方法空白血浆加非布司他,用乙腈作为沉淀剂,取上清液用于LC-MS-MS分析。分析柱为Thermo Biobasic-8柱（5μm,50 mm×2.1 mm）,流动相为乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵（含0.05%甲酸）（70∶30）,流速为0.2 ml/min;质谱条件：电喷雾离子化电离源ESI负离子检测,喷雾电压（SP）3 500 kV,鞘气（SGP）流速10 Arb,辅助气（AGP）流速45 Arb,毛细管温度（TEM）270℃;非布司他和内标苯扎贝特的碰撞能量分别为10 eV、18 eV;选择反应监测（SRM）分别测定非布司他和内标苯扎贝特负离子m/z 315→271和m/z 360→274。结果非布司他在10-8 000μg/L检测浓度范围内呈良好线性关系（r〉0.99）,最低定量限（LLOQ）为10μg/L,绝对回收率在85%以上,高中低3种浓度的日内和日间RSD〈15%。结论该方法操作简便、灵敏、准确,适用于临床非布司他的血药浓度监测及其药动学研究。     

液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用法测定人血浆中阿德福韦的浓度

目的:建立快速、灵敏的液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用(LC-MS-MS)法测定人血浆中阿德福韦的浓度,并研究其在中国男性健康志愿者人体内的药动学。方法:以乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,以5-溴尿嘧啶为内标。血浆样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白后用二氯甲烷提取,经ZorbaxXDB-C8柱分离后,通过电喷雾离子化三重四极杆串联质谱仪,以多反应检测(MRM)方式进行测定。结果:阿德福韦的线性范围为0.167～83.3μg.L-1(r=0.9989),平均相对回收率在88.3%～110.0%之间,日内、日间精密度的RSD均小于12%,阿德福韦的定量下限为0.167μg.L-1。结论:该方法具有快速、准确、灵敏等优点,适用于阿德福韦的药动学研究。     

人血浆中伏立康唑的LC-MS-MS法测定方法学研究

目的:建立测定人血浆中伏立康唑浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱联用法。方法:待测血浆0.5 mL经乙醚-二氯甲烷萃取,以甲醇-10 mmo.lL-1醋酸铵水溶液(80∶20)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL.min-1,液相色谱-串联质谱联用法多反应离子检测,正离子模式,用于定量分析的离子分别是伏立康唑m/z351.0→127.0[M H ]和地西泮m/z285.8→193.3[M H ]。结果:血浆中无干扰测定的内源性物质,每个样品分析时间小于5 min,线性范围为20.0~4 000 ng.mL-1,定量下限为20.0 ng.mL-1,批内、批间精密度均小于10%,提取回收率大于85%。结论:该法操作快速、简单、准确、灵敏度高,适用于临床药动学研究。     

辛伐他汀片人体药代动力学及相对生物利用度的研究

目的:评价2种辛伐他汀片的相对生物利用度和生物等效性.方法:选择18名健康受试者随机分为2组,先后予单剂量、交叉口服辛伐他汀受试制剂和参比制剂各40 mg,采用液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用法测定给药后不同时间受试者血浆中辛伐他汀的浓度,对辛伐他汀受试制剂和参比制剂进行生物等效性评价.结果:辛伐他汀受试制剂和参比制剂的主要药代动力学参数:cmax分别为(9.70±6.62)及(10.06±6.29) μg/L;tmax分别为(1.64±1.01)及(1.64±0.68)h;t1/2分别为(3.48±1.16)及(4.15±1.90)h;AUC0～14h分别为(29.96±16.28)及(32.78±18.53)μg·h·L-1;AUC0～∞分别为(31.49±16.65)及(36.39±21.71) μg·h·L-1.受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(97.79±26.63)%.结论:2种制剂具有生物等效性.     

Human,Rat, and Mouse Metabolism of Resveratrol

Purpose. Resveratrol, a phenolic phytoalexin occurring in grapes, wine, peanuts, and cranberries, has been reported to have anticarcinogenic, antioxidative, phytoestrogenic, and cardioprotective activities. Because little is known about the metabolism of this potentially important compound, the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of trans-resveratrol were investigated. Methods. The in vitro experiments included incubation with human liver microsomes, human hepatocytes, and rat hepatocytes and the in vivo studies included oral or intraperitoneal administration of resveratrol to rats and mice. Methanol extracts of rat urine, mouse serum, human hepatocytes, rat hepatocytes, and human liver microsomes were analyzed for resveratrol metabolites using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line ultraviolet-photodiode array detection and mass spectrometric detection (LC-DAD-MS and LC-UV-MS-MS). UV-photodiode array analysis facilitated the identification of cis- and trans-isomers of resveratrol and its metabolites. Negative ion electrospray mass spectrometric analysis provided molecular weight confirmation of resveratrol metabolites and tandem mass spectrometry allowed structural information to be obtained. Results. No resveratrol metabolites were detected in the microsomal incubations, and no phase I metabolites, such as oxidations, reductions, or hydrolyzes, were observed in any samples. However, abundant trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide and trans-resveratrol-3-sulfate were identified in rat urine, mouse serum, and incubations with rat and human hepatocytes. Incubation with -glucuronidase and sulfatase to release free resveratrol was used to confirm the structures of these conjugates. Only trace amounts of cis-resveratrol were detected, indicating that isomerization was not an important factor in the metabolism and elimination of resveratrol. Conclusion. Our results indicate that trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide and trans-resveratrol-3-sulfate are the most abundant metabolites of resveratrol. Virtually no unconjugated resveratrol was detected in urine or serum samples, which might have implications regarding the significance of in vitro studies that used only unconjugated resveratrol.     

毒性中药鬼臼质量标准研究

目的:建立毒性中药鬼臼的质量标准。方法:采用显微、液质联用方法进行定性鉴别,以液相色谱法进行含量测定。结果:各方法可用于鬼臼的质量鉴定。结论:建立的显微、LC-MS等方法可对其进行定性定量分析。     

Four nonfatal and six fatal cases of opiate use: utility of morphine, its metabolites, and their ratios in blood specimens

Four nonfatal and six fatal cases of opiate use are presented with careful toxicological analysis. Levels of morphine (M), 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) in blood specimens were measured by the sophisticated method of liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). Fatal cases were characterized by much higher levels of free M than the nonfatal cases; this caused lower ratios of M6G/M and M3G/M in the fatal cases when compared with the nonfatal cases. Among the six fatal cases, the M6G/M ratios were especially low in four cases, in which rapid deaths were estimated. The present data are compared with data previously reported by other groups, and we discuss the utility of the levels of M, M6G, and M3G in blood and their ratios for estimating the antemortem status of each individual.     

Association between major Multidrug Resistance 1 (MDR1) gene polymorphisms and plasma concentration of prolactin during risperidone treatment in schizophrenic patients

An in vitro study has suggested that risperidone is a substrate of P-glycoprotein, which is coded by MDR1gene. The rate of P-glycoprotein efflux transport can mediate brain penetration of lipophilic drugs. We therefore studied the effects of major polymorphisms of MDR1 gene on plasma concentrations of prolactin. Subjects included 175 schizophrenic patients (68 males, 107 females) who were receiving 3 mg of risperidone twice daily for at least 4 weeks. Sample collections were conducted 12 h after the bedtime dosing. The plasma concentrations of prolactin in females were significantly higher than in males (54.3+/-27.2 versus 126.8+/-70.2 ng/ml, p<0.001). There was no difference in mean (+/-SD) plasma concentration of prolactin between C3435T genotypes [C/C, C/T, T/T; 62.3+/-33.3, 49.4+/-15.6, 53.2+/-33.2 ng/ml, ns] or G2677T/A genotypes [G/G, G/T or A, T or A/T or A; 58.0+/-27.7, 58.5+/-35.0, 46.1+/-20.7 ng/ml, ns] in males nor between C3435T genotypes (123.6+/-65.0, 127.8+/-79.2, 130.4+/-49.7 ng/ml, ns) or G2677T/A genotypes (123.3+/-67.0, 97.7+/-71.2, 144.9+/-69.9 ng/ml, ns) in females. Multiple regression analyses including plasma drug concentration and age revealed that plasma concentration of prolactin correlated with gender (standardized beta=0.540, p<0.001) and negatively with age (standardized beta=-0.183, p<0.01). No correlations were found between prolactin concentration and MDR1 genotypes. These findings suggest that prolactin concentrations in females are much higher than in males but the major MDR1 variants are not associated with the plasma concentration of prolactin.