Increased bladder permeability in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome

The definition of interstitial cystitis (IC) has evolved over the years from being a well-defined entity characterized by diagnostic lesion (Hunner’s ulcer) in the urothelium to a clinical diagnosis by exclusion [painful bladder syndrome (PBS)]. Although the etiology is unknown, a central theme has been an association with increased permeability of the bladder. This article reviews the evidence for increased permeability being important to the symptoms of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) and in treating the disorder. Recent work showing cross-communication among visceral organs is also reviewed to provide a basis for understanding IC/PBS as a systemic disorder of a complex, interconnected system consisting of the bladder, bowel and other organs, nerves, cytokine-responding cells and the nervous system.     

腺性膀胱炎的诊治(附38例报告)

目的 探讨腺性膀胱炎的诊断与治疗方法。方法 结合文献复习，回顾分析38例腺性膀胱炎的诊断与治疗的资料。结果单纯药物治疗8例，单纯电切术12例，术后复发2例，经再次电切治愈。电切术后加用膀胱灌注化疗16例．全部治愈。膀胱部分切除2例。结论对腺性膀胱炎病变不太广泛，无结石．无前列腺增生的病例均可行电切术。对乳头状瘤样型腺性膀胱炎．电切不能彻底者应行膀胱部分切除术。全膀胱切除术需行尿流改道，患者生活质量下降，应慎重进行。     

32例重度增生腺性膀胱炎临床诊断治疗

目的 探讨重度增生腺性膀胱炎的诊断及治疗措施.方法 对2009年12月～2013年12月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院泌尿外科经影像学考虑为膀胱内实性占位、病理学检查确诊的32例重度增生腺性膀胱炎患者的病历资料进行回顾性的临床分析.患者均行经尿道等离子电切术,术后给予药物灌注治疗.结果 32例患者随访3～ 48个月,25例(78％)症状得以不同程度的恢复,行膀胱镜检查正常.6例(24％)出现复发,行再次手术更换膀胱灌注药物后,未出现复发.1例患者术后1年合并膀胱结石,行经尿道碎石取石并病灶黏膜电灼术.所有随访患者均未发现恶变.结论 彩色多普勒超声检查联合CT增强可提高对腺性膀胱炎定性诊断的准确性.经尿道等离子电切术联合术后膀胱灌注治疗重度增生腺性膀胱炎效果明显,安全有效,术后复发率低.     

Measuring diagnostic accuracy of imaging parameters in pelvic lipomatosis

Objectives

To study whether the individual radiological findings can help predict diagnosis of pelvic lipomatosis (PL) or, specifically appreciate its progression.

Methods

Data from 32 clinically proven cases of PL and 25 controls were collected. Two reviewers were recruited for a blinded evaluation, image features were recorded in terms of: (1) bladder shape; (2) bladder-rectosigmoid morphological indexes including ratio of superior–inferior to anterior–posterior length of bladder (SI/AP), angle between anterior and posterior wall (AAP), relative length of posterior urethra (rLPU), angle between bladder and seminal vesicle (ABS) and rectosigmoid morphological index (RMI); (3) secondary complications. Results were evaluated by an unpaired t test and ROC analysis.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity were 40.6% and 100% for pear and banana-shaped bladder, 62.5% and 100% for SI/AP, 40.6% and 100% for AAP, 62.5% and 100% for ABS, 78.1% and 72% for rLPU, 59.4% and 96% for RMI, respectively. These radiological findings partially correlated with the severity of disease weighted by hydronephrosis and treatment grade. Image analysis demonstrated high prevalence of glandular cystitis (100%) and hydronephrosis (73.4%).

Conclusion

We conclude that PL is a progressive disease involving multiple pelvic organs with high prevalence of intractable cystitis and hydronephrosis. The imaging characteristics can help predict diagnosis and, specifically appreciate progression.     

BK VIRUS-ASSOCIATED FATAL RENAL FAILURE FOLLOWING LATE-ONSET HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS IN AN UNRELATED BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION

The human polyomavirus BK (BKV)-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) has been a frequent and seldom life-threatening complication after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The authors report a male with myelodysplastic syndrome, who developed BKV-associated late-onset HC 12 days after HLA-matched unrelated BMT. His urine contained epithelial cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies suggestive of BKV infection and was positive for BKV in polymerase chain reaction. He did not respond to any treatment for HC. In addition, he developed BKV-associated acute renal failure on day 26, followed by hepatic veno-occlusive disease on day 42. This is the first case in which BKV may be associated with fatal progressive renal failure.     

Mast cell activation syndrome

In 1984, interstitial cystitis (IC) was considered a rare psychosomatic disorder in post-menopausal women. In 2014, the Interstitial Cystitis Association of America (ICA) celebrated its 30^th anniversary. We’ve come a long way since 1984 and great progress has been made. IC is now recognized as a condition that afflicts both men and women of all ages, including children and teenagers. It is not a psychiatric disorder. Though it was once thought to be an orphan disease (defined as affecting less than 200,000 people), we now know that there are millions of women and men who suffer from IC/BPS (bladder pain syndrome). In looking back over this period, there were seven key reasons why the ICA became so successful: an extremely dedicated ICA staff, Board of Directors and volunteers; a very strong Medical Advisory Board and participation of many other urologists from across the country and around the world; cooperation of the media; epidemiological studies; the ICA’s Pilot Research Program; our representation in Congress; and a strong working partnership with the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Our history may prove useful to other advocacy groups.