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目的为质子泵抑制剂(PPI)的临床规范使用提供参考。方法采用ATC/DDD体系的分类法查询并计算各PPI的限定日剂量(DDD)值,回顾性分析医院2015年至2017年使用PPI的品种、消耗数量、科室分布、用药频度(DDDs)、使用强度(AUD)及使用率等相关指标。结果医院PPI的DDDs、AUD及使用率,各科室PPI的DDDs、AUD及使用率排名相对稳定;住院患者PPI的DDDs呈上升趋势,PPI销售金额排前10名的科室波动不大,PPI使用率总体略有下降,但仍较高。结论以ATC/DDD评价系统为基础制订各临床科室PPI使用指标具有可行性,可为医疗机构规范PPI的临床应用提供参考。  相似文献   
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Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and its associated consequences remain significant public health concerns. Given that AUD represents a spectrum of severity, treatment options represent a continuum of care, ranging from single-session brief interventions to more intensive, prolonged, and specialized treatment modalities. Objective: This qualitative literature review seeks to describe the best practices for AUD by placing a particular emphasis on identifying those practices which have received the most empirical support. Method: This review summarizes psychological and pharmacological intervention options for AUD treatment, with a focus on the relapse prevention phase of recovery. Psychological and pharmacological treatments are summarized in terms of the empirical evidence favoring each approach and the level of AUD severity for which they are most indicated. Scientific significance: One of the broad assertions from this review is that while AUD is highly prevalent, seeking treatment for AUD is not. There are a myriad of behavioral and pharmacological treatments that have shown compelling evidence of efficacy for the treatment of AUD. In the behavioral treatment literature, cognitive behavioral therapy has received the most consistent support. Opioid antagonism (via naltrexone) has been the most widely studied pharmacotherapy and has produced moderate effect sizes. While none of the treatments reviewed herein represents a so-called silver bullet for AUD, they each have the potential to significantly improve the odds of recovery. Precision medicine, or the identification of best treatment matches for individual patients, looms as an important overarching goal for the field, although specific matches are not yet sufficiently reliable in their empirical evidence to warrant clinical dissemination.  相似文献   
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Objectives: These practice guidelines for the treatment of alcohol use disorders during pregnancy were developed by members of the International Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry and the International Association for Women’s Mental Health.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of all available publications and extracted data from national and international guidelines. The Task Force evaluated the data with respect to the strength of evidence for the efficacy and safety of each medication.

Results and Discussion: There is no safe level of alcohol use during pregnancy. Abstinence is recommended. Ideally, women should stop alcohol use when pregnancy is planned and, in any case, as soon as pregnancy is known. Detecting patterns of alcohol maternal drinking should be systematically conducted at first antenatal visit and throughout pregnancy. Brief interventions are recommended in the case of low or moderate risk of alcohol use. Low doses of benzodiazepines, for the shortest duration, may be used to prevent alcohol withdrawal symptoms when high and chronic alcohol intake is stopped and hospitalisation is recommended. Due to the low level of evidence and/or to low benefit/risk ratio, pharmacological treatment for maintenance of abstinence should not be used during pregnancy. At birth, foetal alcohol spectrum disorders must be searched for, and alcohol metabolites should be measured in meconium of neonates in any doubt of foetal alcohol exposure.  相似文献   

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目的调查2011~2014年我院抗菌药物使用情况和大肠埃希菌的耐药情况,分析两者之间的关系,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法对我院2011~2014年病区检出的820株大肠埃希菌及药敏试验结果和各年度抗菌药物的使用情况分别进行统计,对大肠埃希菌的耐药率和抗菌药物的使用强度采用SPSS 18.0软件进行相关性分析。结果虽然大肠埃希菌的耐药率仍处于较高水平,但4年来从53.20%降为41.03%,降幅达12.17%,大肠埃希菌的耐药率与抗生素的使用呈现一定的相关性。结论大肠埃希菌耐药率与抗菌药物的使用率及AUD存在相关性,临床应规范抗菌药物的使用,以减少细菌耐药性的发生。  相似文献   
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目的:评价专项整治活动后尤溪县医院住院患者抗菌药物的使用情况,为临床合理用药和有效管理提供参考。方法:回顾性收集该院2012年7月至2013年9月所有抗菌药物处方,以限定日剂量为单位,计算各种抗菌药物和各类别抗菌药物的使用强度(AUD),并进行分析。结果:该院住院患者抗菌药物的AUD在60~75 DDDs/(100人·d)之间,高于原卫生部规定的标准。其中,第三代头孢菌素、第一代头孢菌素、喹诺酮类和头霉素类分别居各类别品种抗菌药物AUD的前4位。结论:该院仍存在抗菌药物用药过度、档次过高等问题,需继续加大干预力度。  相似文献   
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目的 为开展抗菌药物专项整治活动提供依据,提高医院抗菌药物合理使用水平.方法 回顾性调查2012年1-4月医院呼吸内科315例出院患者的基本用药情况,以限定日剂量(DDD)分析法对用药频率(DDDs)和使用强度(AUD)进行统计分析.结果 2012年1-4月AUD分别为120.4、163.2、132.7、100.9 DDD;送检率均>70.0%,DDDs排序前3位的药物分别为左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林/舒巴坦、头孢唑肟.结论 医院呼吸内科抗菌药物临床使用中以β-内酰胺类抗菌药物占主导地位,使用强度与卫生部要求力争<40 DDD相差较大;随着抗菌药物的大量使用,细菌耐药性不断发展,应严格按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》合理使用.  相似文献   
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