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《结合医学学报(英文版)》2022,20(4):292-304
Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth is a medicinal plant used to manage inflammatory illnesses such as conjunctivitis, and gastrointestinal and respiratory tract disorders in tropical and subtropical regions. However, little is known about its pharmacological mechanism of action against eye diseases. This review aims to critically discuss the phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of P. pellucida as well as its roles in the treatment of cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Recent developments in the uses of P. pellucida for healthcare and nutraceutical products by the pharmaceutical industry are also covered in this review. For this review, a literature search was performed with PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder Scholar and Scopus databases, using relevant keywords. Among the various phytochemicals identified from P. pellucida, β-caryophyllene, carotol, dillapiole, ellagic acid, pellucidin A, phytol and vitexin exhibit strong pharmacological activities within the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways in inflammatory eye diseases. The antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and anti-angiogenic activities displayed by P. pellucida extracts in many in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies suggest its potential role in the management of inflammatory eye diseases. P. pellucida extract was non-toxic against normal cell lines but displayed mild toxicity in animal models. The growing public interest in P. pellucida has inspired the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries to process the plant into health products. Although the potential pharmacological mechanisms against eye diseases have been summarized, further studies of the interactions among constituent phytochemicals from P. pellucida within various signalling pathways shall support the use of the plant as an alternative therapeutic source. 相似文献
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Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. The use of topical eye drops to reduce intraocular pressure remains the mainstay treatment. These eye drops frequently contain preservatives designed to ensure sterility of the compound. A growing number of clinical and experimental studies report the detrimental effects of not only these preservatives but also the active pharmaceutical compounds on the ocular surface, with resultant tear film instability and dry eye disease. Herein, we critically appraise the published literature exploring the effects of preservatives and pharmaceutical compounds on the ocular surface. 相似文献
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Age-related eye diseases, including dry eye, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, represent a major global health issue based on their increasing prevalence and disabling action. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases will provide novel opportunities to reduce the burden of age-related eye diseases and improve eye health, contributing to sustainable development goals achievement. The impairment of neutrophil extracellular traps formation/degradation processes seems to be one of these mechanisms. These traps formed by a meshwork of DNA and neutrophil cytosolic granule proteins may exacerbate the inflammatory response promoting chronic inflammation, a pivotal cause of age-related diseases. In this review, we describe current findings that suggest the role of neutrophils and their traps in the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned age-related eye diseases. Furthermore, we discuss why these cells and their constituents could be biomarkers and therapeutic targets for dry eye, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. We also examine the therapeutic potential of some neutrophil function modulators and provide several recommendations for future research in age-related eye diseases. 相似文献
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《Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology》2019,33(3):277-282
Peters’ anomaly accounts for the highest type of Anterior Segment Dysgenesis (ASD). The main features of Peters’ anomaly are: congenital corneal opacity centrally, defect in the posterior stroma and absence of Descemet’s membrane and the endothelium. However, this condition has wide clinical and histopathological variations in appearance, associations and severity. In this case series, we summarize 6 corneas in 5 Saudi cases of Peters’ anomaly (and describe 2 in detail) with unique histopathological findings that are additional to the typical known ones, shedding some light on the nomenclature of these variants according to the reported cases in the English-written literature. This will widen the spectrum of findings known to ophthalmic pathologists and ophthalmologists about this anomaly. This is also of importance in the assessment of the congenital glaucoma cases commonly seen in Saudi Arabia that often happens in association with ASD. 相似文献
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青光眼是一组异质性神经退行性疾病,其特征是视网膜神经节细胞及其轴突逐渐消失,现已成为全球不可逆性失明的主要原因。人工智能(AI)是由机器展示的智能,而深度学习(DL)是其中一个基于深度神经网络的分支,在医学成像领域取得了重大突破。在青光眼影像方面,已有越来越多的研究将DL应用于眼底图像以及光学相干断层扫描(OCT),以检测青光眼性视神经病变。有很好的结果显示,将DL技术整合到影像中进行青光眼评估是高效、准确的,这可能会解决当前实践和临床工作流程中的一些难题。但是,未来进一步的研究对于解决现存挑战至关重要,例如为不同研究之间的图像标记建立标准,将“黑匣子”的学习过程进行可视化,提高模型在未知数据集上的泛化能力,开发基于DL的实际应用程序,以及建立合理的临床工作流程,进行前瞻性验证和成本效益分析等。本文总结了AI应用于青光眼影像的最新研究现状,并讨论了对临床的潜在影响和未来的研究方向。 相似文献