专升本与全日制本科护士核心能力的比较分析

目的 比较专升本与全日制本科护士核心能力的水平与特点,为合理的护理岗位安排提供依据.方法 采用基本人口社会学资料、中国注册护士核心能力量表对391名专升本或全日制本科临床护士进行问卷调查.结果 专升本与全日制本科护士核心能力得分总体呈中等满意程度,全日制本科护士核心能力总得分高于专升本护士,两者在评判性思维/科研能力等6个维度上差异有统计学意义,在临床护理方面差异无统计学意义.结论 全日制本科护士核心能力总体来说高于专升本护士,但是在临床护理方面差异不明显.     

专职康复护理对生物型全髋关节置换术后功能恢复的影响

目的：探讨专职康复护理对于生物型全髋关节置换术后功能恢复的影响。方法选择生物型全髋关节置换术患者114例,随机分为两组,观察组（ n＝63）由专职康复护士对其进行专职康复护理;对照组（ n＝51）由责任护士对其进行随机康复护理,采用Harris评分评价两组康复效果,并观察髋关节X线片检查情况及并发症情况。结果观察组患者出院前1 d Harris总评分（64．9±6．4）分、术后6周为（78．5±5．1）分、术后3个月为（90．0±4．2）分,均高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（ t值分别为5．377,3．059,4．288;P＜0．01）,两组患者出院前1 d、术后6周、术后3个月疼痛程度、生活能力、行走能力评分比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。两组患者髋关节X线片均显示假体良好、未有异常;两组患者并发症发生率观察组为0．0％,对照组为11．8％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝6．981,P＜0．01）。结论专职康复护理促进了生物型人工全髋关节置换术后功能的恢复。     

提高临床实践质量应注重把握内在规律

临床医学是一门实践性非常强的学科,高职医学院校校内专任教师应重视临床实践,以提高实践教学能力。从临床实践的专业性、层次性、计划性、介入性四个方面阐述了提高临床实践质量的内在规律。     

Job stress and poor sleep quality: data from an American sample of full-time workers

Given the associations between poor quality sleep and health, it is important to consider whether job stressors are related to sleep-related outcomes. Studies from Europe and Japan suggest that these stressors negatively impact sleep, but there are few studies of job stressors and sleep quality that draw upon large representative samples of workers in the USA. Using data collected via telephone interviews from a nationally representative random sample of 1715 American full-time employees, this research considers three dependent variables of past-month poor sleep quality: number of days the respondent had difficulty initiating sleep, number of days of difficulty maintaining sleep, and number of days of non-restorative sleep. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate a count data model of the associations between the frequency of these three types of poor sleep quality and the job stressors of work overload, role conflict, autonomy, and repetitive tasks, while controlling for socio-demographic characteristics. The average American worker reported 5.3 days of difficulty falling asleep, 6.6 days of trouble staying asleep, and 5.0 days of trouble waking up for work in the past month. Across the three types of poor sleep quality, work overload was positively associated with the frequency of poor sleep quality. Role conflict was positively associated with difficulty initiating sleep and non-restorative sleep. Repetitive tasks were associated with more days of difficulty initiating sleep and maintaining sleep. Job autonomy was negatively associated with non-restorative sleep. Given that sleep quality is associated with other health outcomes, future research should continue to explore the associations between job-related stressors, sleep quality, and workers' health status.     

The pediatric dental workforce in 2016 and beyond

BackgroundChildhood caries is a major oral and general health problem, particularly in certain populations. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the adequacy of the supply of pediatric dentists.MethodsThe authors collected baseline practice information from 2,546 pediatric dentists through an online survey (39.1% response rate) in 2017. The authors used a workforce simulation model by using data from the survey and other sources to produce estimates under several scenarios to anticipate future supply and demand for pediatric dentists.ResultsIf production of new pediatric dentists and use and delivery of oral health care continue at current rates, the pediatric dentist supply will increase by 4,030 full-time equivalent (FTE) dentists by 2030, whereas demand will increase by 140 FTE dentists by 2030. Supply growth was higher under hypothetical scenarios with an increased number of graduates (4,690 FTEs) and delayed retirement (4,320 FTEs). If children who are underserved experience greater access to care or if pediatric dentists provide a larger portion of services for children, demand could grow by 2,100 FTE dentists or by 10,470 FTE dentists, respectively.ConclusionsThe study results suggest that the supply of pediatric dentists is growing more rapidly than is the demand. Growth in demand could increase if pediatric dentists captured a larger share of pediatric dental services or if children who are underserved had oral health care use patterns similar to those of the population with fewer access barriers.Practical ImplicationsIt is important to encourage policy changes to reduce barriers to accessing oral health care, to continue pediatric dentists’ participation with Medicaid programs, and to urge early dental services for children.     

北京大学全日制公共卫生硕士研究生教育现况调查

目的 了解全日制公共卫生硕士研究生教育现况,总结经验、发现问题并提出改进方略.方法 采用问卷调查方法,调查北京大学医学部2010级、2011级所有全日制公共卫生硕士研究生.结果 35名研究生中,本科毕业院校为“985”/“211”高校者占比60.0％,本科所学专业为非公共卫生/预防医学类者占比31.4％;第一志愿选择全日制公共卫生硕士的占比40.0％,其余皆为调剂所致;65.7％的研究生对课程设置感到满意,31.4％的研究生认为实践过程未提升实践能力;建议采用校内外双导师负责制者占比91.4％;91.4％的研究生毕业后愿意到一线岗位工作,但对就业前景感到乐观者仅占51.4％.结论 北京大学所探索的全日制公共卫生硕士研究生培养模式基本上得到学生的认可,但仍然需要在招考录取、课程设置、实践教学、导师配置、质量评价等方面参考国外先进经验加以完善,方能有效实现全日制公共卫生硕士研究生培养的目标。