扩散法被动式甲醛个体监测器（Ⅱ型）的研制

介绍了一种基于气体分子扩散原理的被动式甲醛个体采样器，它是在Ⅰ型采样器的基础上完成的。采用甘油（２０％）／偏重亚硫酸钠（０．２５％）浸渍的定量滤纸（φ４２ｍｍ）作为吸收层，空气中甲醛扩散到吸收层上，形成稳定的化合物。采样一定时间后，取出吸收层，洗脱后，用ＡＨＭＴ化学比色法测定所采集到的甲醛。这种采样器的平均采样速率为８３ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，标准偏差为７．２ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，与有动力吸收管采样的方法相比较，总不确定度小于±２５％。     

Effect of tissue fixatives on telomere length determination by quantitative PCR

Telomere length is a well established marker of cellular senescence and thus biological age. Quantitative PCR allows the determination even from very low amounts of tissue by using telomere specific and single copy gene primers. Comparing a directly processed tissue sample to a 4% formaldehyde fixed one showed a significantly reduced efficiency of PCR reactions (mainly in single copy gene experiments) in a storage time-dependent manner resulting in an artificial increase in reported relative telomere length. This effect was not seen when the tissue was stored in RNA later solution. In summary, telomere length determination from formaldehyde fixed material by quantitative PCR is not a reliable method. Unfortunately therefore, many easily accessible tissue samples from pathology laboratories are unsuitable for this technique.     

甲醛固定对阿片受体结合能力的影响

应用放射受体分析和体外受体放射自显影技术,研究了甲醛固定对阿片受体结合能力的影响。结果表明,1％多聚甲醛溶液中孵育30分钟或12小时,对大鼠脑膜阿片受体结合能力均无显著影响; 2％或4％多聚甲醛溶液中孵育30分钟,对阿片受体结合能力也无显著影响。经甲醛固定的脑切片上的阿片受体,与[~3H]-埃托啡结合的饱和曲线与新鲜脑切片的相似。用1％多聚甲醛固定的组织切片进行体外受体放射自显影,较好地显示了阿片受体的分布。这些结果提示,甲醛固定的组织可用于进行体外受体放射自显影研究。     

甲醛接触工人的外周血淋巴细胞微核研究

甲醛（ＦＡ）在多种体外诱变测试中呈阳性，啮齿动物吸入甲醛蒸气后引起鼻腔鳞状上皮细胞癌＾（１，２），接触人群的肿瘤发病主有升高趋势，因此对甲醛接触人群进行简单有效的遗传毒理学的生物学监测是十分必要的，本次研究微核测试的结果证实，８０名平均工龄，１２年甲醛接触者的外周血淋巴细胞微核细胞率较对照组有极显著的增加（Ｐ〈０．０１），接触组吸烟人群较对照组吸烟人群的微核细胞率有极明显的增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），接     

室内装修后空气中甲醛浓度的变化趋势

目的 :研究室内装修后空气中甲醛浓度的变化趋势。方法 :选择装修后不同时间段的居民住宅 5 4家和公共场所经营单位 5 2家进行室内空气中甲醛浓度的测定。结果 :甲醛浓度在居民住宅装修 1年之内的超标率为 79.9%～ 85 .4 % ,1年～ 2年之间的超标率为 5 0 .0 % ,2年之后为 18.3% ,3个时间段甲醛浓度超标率差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。公共场所装修半年之内甲醛含量的超标率为 6 5 .5 %～ 81.3% ,半年～ 1年为 36 .84 % ,1年之后小于 15 .4 % ,3个时间段甲醛浓度超标率差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :室内装修后甲醛浓度随着装修时间的延长而逐渐降低 ,居民住宅约需 2年 ,公共场所需 1年才能达到国家卫生标准     

甲醛残留检验方法研究

目的通过对用乙酰丙酮光度测定甲醛含量方法的研究,确定甲醛残留量用该检验方法检测的线性、灵敏度和回收率(准确度)。确保该方法对甲醛残留浓度检测结果的准确性。方法乙酰丙酮光度法,本方法的最低检出浓度为0.04mg.L-1甲醛;测定上限为3.20mg·mL-1甲醛。结果该方法的线性范围是0～3.2g.mL-1,检测方法的回收率为98.9%,定量限为0.0413μg.mL-1,确定了凡残留量浓度在0.04～3.2μg.mL-1的范围内,均可采用此方法检测。结论此方法操作简单,精密度、准确度、重复性较好。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定盐酸度洛西汀原料甲醛含量

目的采用HPLC法定量检查盐酸度洛西汀原料残留的甲醛。方法盐酸度洛西汀原料中残留的甲醛与2,4-二硝基苯肼生成具有强紫外吸收的衍生物,通过HPLC检查该衍生物含量,从而检查甲醛的含量。结果甲醛衍生物检查方法的专属性,进样精密度、灵敏度、重复性、线性和准确性均符合检测要求。S/N约为10∶1时,甲醛的灵敏度为0.011%,S/N约为3∶1时,甲醛的灵敏度为0.003%;甲醛浓度在0.04～2.00μg/ml范围内,甲醛浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系Y=53 119X+2 286.6(r=0.999 7);平均回收率为101.42%。色谱条件和衍生条件的耐用性均良好。结论所用方法可用于盐酸度洛西汀原料中残留的甲醛检测。     

Human Cancer Risk from the Inhalation of Formaldehyde in Different Indoor Environments in Guiyang City, China

This study was conducted to estimate the risk of human cancer from the inhalation of formaldehyde in different indoor environments in Guiyang City in China. Offices had the highest mean formaldehyde concentration (0.11 mg/m(3)) and classrooms had the lowest mean formaldehyde concentration (0.04 mg/m(3)). The cancer risk levels in different indoor environments ranged from 6.96 x 10(-6 )to 2.48 x 10(-4) and were greater than the acceptable cancer risk 1 x 10(-6). High human formaldehyde risks imply a critical influence on human health in Guiyang City. The highest cancer risk values occurred in bedrooms (ranging from 1.87 in 10,000 to 2.48 in 10,000). For office workers, offices were the highest risk environment after bedrooms where formaldehyde concentration levels were identified. Students were the most sensitive population, and the highest priority should be given to protecting their health in indoor environments. Regulations and standards for low emission materials and public education in relation to indoor pollution are highly recommended in China to protect human health.     

甲醛的检测方法及相关进展

甲醛作为一种生活中广泛存在的有毒污染剂,对人体健康造成很大危害,甲醛的污染已引起人们的高度重视,检测甲醛污染至关重要。近几年随着科学技术的飞速发展,在不同的研究领域甲醛测定技术也有了一定程度的发展。本文综述了近年来甲醛检测方法的进展,涉及到的检测方法主要有:分光光度法、液相色谱法、气相色谱法、示波极谱法、电位法、荧光法、化学发光法。本文分析了相关检测方法的优点和缺点,展望了快速检测分析方法的前景。