Water-Soluble Copper Ink for the Inkjet Fabrication of Flexible Electronic Components

The aim of this work is preparation and investigation of copper conductive paths by printing with a different type of functional ink. The solutions based on copper-containing complex compounds were used as inks instead of dispersions of metal nanoparticles. Thermal characteristics of synthesized precursors were studied by thermogravimetry in an argon atmosphere. Based on the comparison of decomposition temperature, the dimethylamine complex of copper formate was found to be more suitable precursor for the formation of copper layers. Structure and performance of this compound was studied in detail by X-ray diffraction, test of wettability, printing on flexible substrate, and electrical measurements.     

Linking the Electrical Conductivity and Non-Stoichiometry of Thin Film Ce1−xZrxO2−δ by a Resonant Nanobalance Approach

Bulk ceria-zirconia solid solutions (Ce_1−xZr_xO_2−δ, CZO) are highly suited for application as oxygen storage materials in automotive three-way catalytic converters (TWC) due to the high levels of achievable oxygen non-stoichiometry δ. In thin film CZO, the oxygen storage properties are expected to be further enhanced. The present study addresses this aspect. CZO thin films with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 were investigated. A unique nano-thermogravimetric method for thin films that is based on the resonant nanobalance approach for high-temperature characterization of oxygen non-stoichiometry in CZO was implemented. The high-temperature electrical conductivity and the non-stoichiometry δ of CZO were measured under oxygen partial pressures pO₂ in the range of 10⁻²⁴–0.2 bar. Markedly enhanced reducibility and electronic conductivity of CeO₂-ZrO₂ as compared to CeO_2−δ and ZrO₂ were observed. A comparison of temperature- and pO₂-dependences of the non-stoichiometry of thin films with literature data for bulk Ce_1−xZr_xO_2−δ shows enhanced reducibility in the former. The maximum conductivity was found for Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O_2−δ, whereas Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O_2-δ showed the highest non-stoichiometry, yielding δ = 0.16 at 900 °C and pO₂ of 10⁻¹⁴ bar. The defect interactions in Ce_1−xZr_xO_2−δ are analyzed in the framework of defect models for ceria and zirconia.     

嘌呤药物的热解过程及其热分解动力学

目的研究嘌呤类药物的热解过程及非等温动力学。方法用红外光谱技术、加速稳定性试验方法和热重仪分析方法测定分解过程,用Ozawa法以及Coast-Redfern法和MKN法处理数据确定热分解函数。结果确定了阿昔洛韦(aciclovir,Acv)、喷昔洛韦(penciclovir,Pcv)热解过程和中间产物,得到热解动力学参数活化能Ea、指前因子A。结论加速稳定性试验与热重法的计算结果一致,喷昔洛韦的热稳定性大于阿昔洛韦;两者热解第一步具有相同的中间产物鸟嘌呤,且动力学方程相同:dα/dt=Ae^-Ea/RT2(1-α)^3/2,均为1.5级反应过程。     

生物质裂解焦油的燃烧特性及动力学模型

采用热重分析法对生物质裂解焦油的燃烧过程进行了研究 ,探讨了生物质油的燃烧特性及升温速率对燃烧温度的影响 ,并根据微分热重曲线 ,建立动力学模型 ,计算燃烧反应的动力学参数。结果表明 ,生物质油的燃烧过程可分成 3段 ,其动力学模型可用 3个一级反应表示     

Processing of Calamine with Modern Analytical Techniques: Processed with Huanglian Decoction (黄连汤) and Sanhuang Decoction (三黄汤)

Objective: To determine the pyrolysis characteristics of calcined and processed calamine, qualitatively and quantitatively compare the contents of related elements, morphology and functional groups of the pyrolysis products dried at different heating temperatures and explore the critical temperature and the optimal drying temperature for the process of calamine with Huanglian Decoction(HLD, 黄连汤) and San Huang Decoction(SHD, 三黄汤). Methods: Pyrolysis products were prepared by programmable and constantly heating the calcined and processed calamine to or at different heating temperatures. Thermogravimetry(TG) was used to test their pyrolysis characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopeenergy dispersive spectrometer were used to determine their morphology, functional groups and element contents. Page model was used to investigate the constant drying kinetics of processed calamine. Results: The adding of HLD or SHD to calcined calamine(CC) can slow its weight loss in drying pyrolysis process. The temperature ranges where HLD and SHD can affect its weight loss were 65–150 ℃ and 74–180 ℃, respectively. The drying temperature was optimized as 90 ℃. The drying kinetic for the processed calamine fits Page model shows good linearity. Conclusions: The critical temperature and the optimal drying temperature where HLD and SHD can affect the weight loss rate in the process of calamine were explored using the theories and methods of both biophysical chemistry and processing of Chinese materia medica. This work provides a good example for the study of the process of other Chinese medicines using modern analytical techniques.     

炉甘石炮制机理分析

目的:研究分析炉甘石炮制方法和机理。方法:采用热重分析技术和纳米技术分析并合成炉甘石的组成成分,以四环素为对照,测定不同粒径的炉甘石及其纳米成分的抑菌活性。结果:炉甘石主要含碳酸锌,炮制使部分碳酸锌分解为氧化锌,且粒径变小。炉甘石抑菌活性主要取决于氧化锌的含量和粒径大小,与碳酸锌无关。氧化锌含量越高、粒径越小,抑菌活性越强。结论:氧化锌含量和粒径大小可做为炉甘石炮制的主要指标。     

A review of near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics in pharmaceutical technologies

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a fast and non-destructive analytical method. Associated with chemometrics, it becomes a powerful tool for the pharmaceutical industry. Indeed, NIRS is suitable for analysis of solid, liquid and biotechnological pharmaceutical forms. Moreover, NIRS can be implemented during pharmaceutical development, in production for process monitoring or in quality control laboratories.This review focuses on chemometric techniques and pharmaceutical NIRS applications. The following topics are covered: qualitative analyses, quantitative methods and on-line applications. Theoretical and practical aspects are described with pharmaceutical examples of NIRS applications.     

拉米夫定的热分解机理及其动力学

目的测定拉米夫定(lamivudine,LMVD)的热性质,研究LMVD的热分解机理、热分解动力学和LMVD的热稳定性。方法采用热重法(thermogravimetry,TG)和差示扫描量热法(differentialscanning calorimetry,DSC)测定LMVD在氮气氛和空气氛中的热分解过程,测定LMVD及其在热分解过程中不同阶段残留物的红外光谱,运用量子化学GAMESS软件计算LMVD分子的键级,根据不同升温速率下的热重曲线计算得到LMVD第一阶段热分解反应动力学参数,应用Dakin方程推算LMVD在不同使用温度下的预期寿命。结果 LMVD的热分解过程是一个二阶段过程,起始步骤是胞核嘧啶环中的C-N键断裂。在氮气氛中,表观活化能Ea=126.5 kJ.mol-1,指前因子A=2.88×1011min-1,在空气氛中,Ea=133.0 kJ.mol-1,A=1.15×1012min-1。结论 LMVD在常温下具有很好的热稳定性。     

Synthesis,characterization, method development,and validation of nor-ethylmorphine hydrochloride reference material using established analytical techniques for dope control analysis

Ethylmorphine is permitted internationally for therapeutic purposes where morphine is not indicated across the globe. Nor-ethylmorphine a major metabolite of ethylmorphine. To differentiate the intake of morphine from ethylmorphine, nor-ethylmorphine stable reference material is desirable. There is no available commercial source and no data for reference material context for this substance. Therefore, nor-ethylmorphine HCl was synthesized and characterized, and purity and potency were assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry (TGA), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Purity and potency were found to be 98.29% and 96.40%, respectively, providing a fit for purpose reference material for doping control analysis in sports.     

HPLC测定罗库溴铵注射液的含量

目的采用高效液相色谱法测定罗库溴铵注射液的含量。方法采用氨基键合硅胶为填充剂,以0．04mol·L^-1的四甲基氢氧化铵溶液（用磷酸调节pH值至7．4）－乙腈（10：90）为流动相,柱温为35℃,检测波长为210nm。结果线性范围为0．2008～2．006mg·mL^-1;r=0．9999;样品溶液在24h内稳定;平均回收率为99．7％～99．9％,RSD〈1．0％（n=9）;重复性RSD为0．4％。结论采用高效液相色谱法测定罗库溴铵注射液的含量,方法灵敏度高,专属性强,结果准确可靠。